| Question | Answer |
| Aliquot | Portion of specimen that is used for testing |
| Constrict | Narrowing of the blood vessel |
| Lipemia | Abnormal amount of fat in the blood causing the serum or plasma
To appear cloudy or milky |
| Hematoma | Swelling or accumulation of blood due to leakage from a blood
Vessel during or after venipuncture |
| Lancet | Sterile disposable sharp pointed blade used to pucture the skin
To collect a blood sample |
| Gauge | Diameter of the lumen of the needle |
| Phlebotomy | Piercing the vein with a needle to obtain a blood specimen |
| Serum | Liquid portion of the blood that remains after the blood has clotted |
| Tourniquet | Device used to distend veins to assist with venipuncture |
| Primary container | Original container in which the specimen is collected |
| Veinupucture | Puncture of a vein to collect a blood sample |
| Plasma | Liquid portion of whole blood which comes from a sample
Which contains no anticoagulant |
| Butterfly | Small winged needle used for venipuncture / needle attached to tubing and an adapter to be used with a syrine or vacuum tube system |
| Integrity | Guarantees the purity or quality of the specimen |
| Evacuated tube | Collection tube which contains a vacuum that facilitates the
collection of blood during venipuncture |
| Additive | Substance such as a clotting activator
Separation gel
Anticoagulant
Cell preservation ( helps to Maintain the integrity or function of specimen) |
| Thixotropic gel | Additive used to separate cells from plasma |
| Antecubital space | Space in the elbow
(Ventral/ anitomical) |
| Hemolysis | Destruction of RBC during veinupucture to much blood volume |
| Hemoconcentration | Increase of the portion of formed elements in the blood |
| Palpate | To feel /touch/ bounce /to find vein depth and direction |
| Capillary puncture | Skin pucture/ methods used to obtain small amounts of blood for testing
Done on fingertips / great finger/baby's heal |
| QNS | Quantity not sufficient |
| An additive /anticoagulant in the vacuum tube | Can help preserve the integrity of the specimen |
| An anticoagulant added | To a collection tube prevents the blood from clotting |
| Winged infusion or butterfly set | Is used to collect blood from small or difficult veins
Usually in the hand |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Used as an anticoagulant for preserving blood specimens
A chelating agent that binds calcium |
| ERS | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| aPPT | Activated partial thromboplastin time |
| INR | International normalized ratio |
| SPS | Sodium Polyanethole sulfate |
| SST | Serum separator tube |
| MCV | Mean corpuscular volume |
| POCT | Point of care testing |
| OSHA | Occupational safety and health administration |
| BMP | Basic metabolic panel |
| 21g - 23g | The range of syringe volumes most commonly used for blood collection |
| Semi-fowler's position | For Pt's with history of fainting( syncope ) |
| When palpating for a vein | ( Tendons )located near the surface will feel hard and cord-like
They are not a vein |
| Color coding for needles is | Not universal they vary by manufacturers |
| Hematoma | Common complication
Resulting from a venipuncture
A swelling or bruising resulting from an accumulation of blood
at the puncture site |
| Capillary puncture | Also known as skin or dermal puncture |
| Vacuum tube method supplies | Needle holder
Capped needle
Tube |
| Explain the correct order of drawer | To prevent cross contamination of additives
Can lessen discomfort and complications for PT
Lessens procedure time and prevent errors in diagnosis
Caused by crossed contamination of additives between blood collection tubes |
| CLSI order of drawer for capillaries punctures
Lavender topped | Lavender topped (EDTA) tubes for hematology studies |
| CLSI order of drawer for capillaries puctures
Green topped | Green topped / heparin tubes |
| CLSI order of drawer for capillaries
Red topped | Red topped non- additive tubes contains no anticoagulant / gels / or clotting activators |
| Lavender top
(Plasma) | EDTA anticoagulant
Binds calcium to prevent clotting
8-10 inversions
Hematology testing: complete blood count (CBC), differential, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) |
| Dark green top
(Plasma) | Sodium/ heparin Anticoagulant
Inhibits formation of thrombin and prevents clotting
Chemistry plasma studies electrolytes, arterial blood gases, and so on. Same testing as PST tube.
8-10 inversions |
| Light ( mint) green top
(Plasma) | Lithium/ heparin/ thixopic gel anticoagulant //
Stat chemistry |
| Gray top
(Plasma) | Sodium fluoride / potassium oxalate
Glucose/chemistry
FBS /any glucose test and alcohol levels |
| Light blue top
(Plasma) | Sodium citrates anticoagulant
Test coagulation/ clotting factors
PT PTT PT INR FIBRINOGEN |
| Marble red/black top
(Serum) | Thixopic gel and clot activator |
| |
| Insufficient mixing | Causes micro-clot formation which will produce erroneous test results |
| Explain the importance of mixing the blood sample in tube with an additive | They should be inverted immediately to mix the additive with specimen
Each additive requires a specific number of in versions |
| Vigorous invertions | Will result in hemolysis |
| Prevention of hematoma tips | 1 Use smaller needles for small or fragile veins
2 Avoid going through the vein partially penetrating a vein or excessive movement in the vein
3 the bevel should be facing up and completely in the vein
4 avoid excessive probing |
| Rejection of specimen | Improper labeling
Using incorrect tubes
Improperly filled tubes
Incorrect collection time / handling
Sending a hemolyzed or Lipemia specimen |
| Transportation of tubes | Kept In upright position |
| Leaving a tourniquet on for more then 1 minute | Can result in Hemoconcentration |
| Placement of tourniquet | 3/4 inches above the elbow |
| OSHA requirement regarding blood tray | Should be red in color or have the biohazard symbol displayed |
| Wiping away the first drop | Lancet finger puncture/ is diluted with tissue fluid |
| |
| DARK GREEN test for
CHEMISTRY/ PLASMA WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLE/
Arterial blood gases / chemistry | ADDITIVES
SODIUM HEPARIN
8/10 inverts |
| RED PLAIN
Tests for CHEMISTRY / SEROLOGY
/ TESTOSTERONE /
TOXICOLOGY | NO ADDITIVES
Plastic : 5 inverts
Glass : none |
| BLOOD CULTURE
(STERILE)
tests for MICROBIOLOGY/ BACTERIA | ADDITIVES
ANAEROBIC AND AEROBICS BROTH
or SPS / Sodium Polyanethole
/ Sulfonate (pale yellow)
8-10 inverts |
| Orange top | Liver panel / organs |
| MARBLE LIGHT GREEN / GRAY
tests for - CHEMISTRY/
OR STAT CHEMISTRY
PLASMA WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLE
electrolytes/ KFT / LFT / Cardiac enzymes /
Metabolic panels | ADDITIVES USED /
Lithium Heparin with Thixotropic Gel
8/10 inverts |
| MINT / LIGHT GREEN (PLASMA)
Tests for - CHEMISTRY OR STAT CHEMISTRY
PLASMA/ WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLE
electrolytes, KFT / LFT / Cardiac enzymes / Metabolic Panels | ADDITIVES
Lithium Heparin with Thixotropic Gel
8/10 inverts |
| GRAY TUBE
(PLASMA)
tests for
GLUCOSE / CHEMISTRY -
FBS / glucose tolerance testing/
Glucose challenge testing /
Random glucose /
Alcohol levels | ADDITIVE USED
POTASSIUM OXALATE
and SODIUM FLUORIDE
8-10 inversions |
| LIGHT BLUE (PLASMA)
tests for
Coagulation/clotting factors
PT /. PTT
PT. / INR
Fibrinogen | additive
Sodium Citrate
3/4 inverts |
| LAVENDER (PLASMA) tests for
HEMATOLOGY /
CBC / RBC count /
WBC count / with or w/o
DifferentIal /
PLATELETS / Hgb /
HCT/ ESR | Additive
ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC
-acid
8/10 inverts |
| GOLD (SST)
Tests for -
Chemistry, serology, immunology
Serum sample/clotted blood
Titers hormones lipids CMP
Electrolytes amino acids ect... | Additive
Thixopic gel
Clot activator
5/6 inverts
Let stand for 30/45 mins |
