| Term | Definition |
| Amenorrhea | Absence of menstrual flow. |
| Dysmenorrhea | Painful menstration. |
| Menorrhagia | Excessive menstrual flow. |
| Metrorrhagia | Excessive spotting between cycles. |
| Endometriosis | Condition in which endometrial tissue appears outside the uterus. |
| Vaginal Fistula | Abnormal opening in your vagina that connects it to another organ such as the bladder or colon |
| Uterine Displacement | Abnormal placement of the uterus. |
| Leiomyomas | Uterine fibroid tumors that are noncancerous growths in the uterus. |
| Endometriosis | Condition in which endometrial tissue appears outside the uterus. |
| Endometrial Tissue Spread | Lymphatic Circulation
Menstrual Backflow
Congenital Displacement |
| Endometrial Tissue Responds To | Normal stimulation of the ovaries. |
| Endometriosis: Manifestations | Lower ABD pain.
Pelvic pain with or without pain in the rectum.
Unilateral or bilateral. |
| Endometriosis: Risks | White women, 25-35, higher in socioeconomic classes who postpone childbirth until later years.
Never experienced childbirth or lactated.
Family Hx. |
| Endometriosis: Diagnosis | Symptoms
Pelvic Examination |
| Endometriosis: Treatment | High dose anti-ovulatroy medications
Synthetic androgen
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Surgery |
| Endometriosis: Nursing Considerations (Pain) | Mild Analgesics (Do not use ASA)
Bed Rest
Warm Sitz bath
Warm Compresses |
| Endometriosis: Nursing Considerations (Anxiety) | Listen
Emotional Support
Discuss Treatment
Diagnostic procedures |
| Endometriosis: Nursing Considerations (Discharge Teaching) | Methods to reduce discomfort
Regular gynecologic exams
Side effects of medications
Notify the physician if: Pain increases-Menstrual flow is extremely heavy-Pregnancy occurs |
| With endometriosis, why should ASA not be given? | Aspirin affects the clotting ability of the blood and is contraindicated with bleeding. |
| GYN Fistulas | An abnormal opening between 2 organs or between an internal hollow organ and the exterior of the body. |
| Types of GYN Fistulas | Urethrovaginal
Vesicovaginal
Rectovaginal |
| Urethrovaginal Fistula | A fistula between the urethra and the vagina. |
| Vesicovaginal Fistula | A fistula between the bladder and the vagina. |
| Rectovaginal Fistula | An abnormal connection between the lower portion of the large intestine — the rectum — and the vagina. |
| GYN Fistulas: Eitology | Tissue breakdown
Obstetric injury
Surgical injury
Rectovaginal fistula may be seen as a complication of ulcerative colitis |
| GYN Fistulas: S/S | Urine, feces, or flatus from vagina
Vesicovaginal fistula may not void through the urethra
Excoriated, infected external genitalia, and vaginal wall |
| GYN Fistulas: Dx | Physical examination
Methylene blue test.
Intravenous pyelogram
Indigo carmine test
Cystoscopy |
| GYN Fistulas: Tx | Surgical
Nonsurgical
May heal spontaneously |
| GYN Fistulas: Nursing Interventions | Perineal hygiene
Proper nutrition, fluid intake, and rest
Prepare client for surgery
Postoperative nursing care |
| What are Kegel Exercises? | contraction of the muscles used to stop the flow of urine |
| Relaxed Pelvic Muscles | Relaxation of the floor of the pelvis. |
| Relaxed Pelvic Muscles: Types | Cystocele
Rectocele
Prolapse
Urethrocele
Enterocele |
| Cystocele | Herniation of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina. |
| Rectocele | a protrusion or herniation of the rectum into the vagina |
| Prolapse | To fall out of place |
| Urethrocele | prolapse of the female urethra. |
| Enterocele | A hernial protrusion through a defect in the rectovaginal or vesicovaginal pouch. |
| Relaxed Pelvic Muscles: Etiology | Un-repaired postpartum tears
Childbirth, multiple births |
| Pessary | firm rubber doughnut-shaped or ringed device that is inserted into the upper vagina to reposition and give support to the uterus when surgery is not performed |
| Uterine Displacement: Types | Anteflexion
Retroversion
Retroflexion |
| Anteflexion | the normal forward curvature of the uterus |
| Retroversion | A turning or tilting backward, as of the uterus. |
| Retroflexion | A backward bending, especially of the body of the uterus toward the cervix. |
| Uterine Displacement: Etiology | Congenital
Childbearing |
| Leukorrhea | A thick, whitish discharge from the vagina or cervical canal. |
| Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | group of physical and emotional symptoms defined as occurring in the 14 days prior to menstruation, relieved almost immediately by the onset of the period, and having at least a 7-day symptom-free break in each cycle |
| Ovarian Cysts | Ovarian cysts are sacs containing fluid or semisolid material that develop in or on the surface of an ovary. |
| Amenorrhea may be caused by | Insufficient hormone secretion
Congenital abnormality
Stress
Pregnancy
Menopause |
| Hysterectomy | Surgical removal of the uterus. |
| Abdominal hysterectomy | A hysterectomy made through an incision in the abdominal wall. |
| Vaginal Hysterectomy | The surgical removal of the uterus through the vagina without incising the wall of the abdomen. |
| Salpingectomy | Salpingectomy is the removal of one or both of a woman's fallopian tubes, the tubes through which an egg travels from the ovary to the uterus. |
| Oophorectomy | Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of one or both ovaries |
| Estrogens | ormones produced by the ovaries, the female sex glands |
| Progestins | A female hormone, like progesterone, that acts on the inner lining of the uterus. |
