| Question | Answer |
| Anatomy | - the structure and shape of the body
- derived from the Greek words meaning to cut (tomy) apart (ana) |
| Gross anatomy | Large, easy to see |
| Microscopic anatomy | only seen through microscope |
| Physiology | - is the study of how the body and its parts function
- the study of (logy) nature (physio) |
| Atoms (levels of struct. org.) | - chemical level
- tiny building blocks of matter that form molecules (water, sugar, proteins) |
| Cells (levels of struct. org.) | molecules associate in specific ways to form microscopic cells "The smallest unit of ALL living things" |
| Tissues (levels of struct. org.) | in complex organisms, groups of similar cells that have a common function form tissues (4 types: epithelial, connective, muscular, neural) |
| Organ (levels of struct. org.) | a structure composed of two or more tissue types that perform a specific function (complex functions become possible) |
| Organ system (levels of struct. org.) | group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose (11 systems) |
| Organism/Organismal lever (levels of struct. org.) | highest level of structural organization |
| Integumentary system | -skin, hair, nails (waterproofs, cushions, protects)
-excretes waste, regulates temperature, provides pain receptors |
| Skeletal system | - bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints
- supports the body
- provides framework for skeletal muscles
-protects internal organs
-stores minerals |
| Muscular system | - muscles allow for movement
- mobility of the body
- skeletal muscles are attached to bone (different from heart and other hollow organs) |
| Nervous system | - brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors
- responds to simuli from internal/external environment |
| Central nervous system (nervous system) | - brain, spinal cord
- receives/sends messages from/to the peripheral nervous system |
| Peripheral nervous system (nervous system) | - sensory and effector nerves
- sends and receives messages to/from the CNS |
| Endocrine system | - produces and secretes hormones
- Endocrine glands include: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, testes |
| Cardiovascular system | - heart and blood vessels
- blood is transport fluid for oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to tissues for exchange
- heart is pump that propels blood out and into blood vessels for transport |
| Lymphatic system | - cleanses the blood and houses cells involved in immunity
- includes: lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs |
| Respiratory system | - supplies the body with oxygen
- structures include: nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
| Digestive system | - breaks down food for absorption and distribution
- structures include: oral cavity, esophagus, intestines, rectum, anus |
| Urinary/Excratory system | - removes waste and balances electrolytes
- structures: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra |
| reproductive system | - functions to produce offspring
- Males: carries sperm to outside of body (testes, scrotum, penis, accessory glands, duct system)
- females: uterus provides site for fetus development (ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina) |
| Homeostasis | - homeo=the same, stasis=standing still
- the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment even though the external conditions change |
| Three components of homeostatic control systems | Receptor, control center, effector |
| Two types of control mechanisms (homestasis) | - Positive: original stimulus increases
- Negative: original stimulus decreases |
| Dorsal cavity | - Back side of the body
- Cranial cavity (brain), spinal cavity (spinal cord, vertebral column) |
| Ventral Cavity | - front of the body
- thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity (which contains abdominal and pelvic cavities)
- these two are separated by diaphragm, which facilitates breathing |
