Question | Answer |
Anatomy | (Greek "to cut apart") - The study of the form, or structure of body parts and of how these parts relate to one another. Static image. |
Physiology | The study of the functioning of the body;s structural machinery - how the parts of the body work and carry out their life sustaining activities. Dynamic process. |
Subdivisions of Anatomy | 1: Gross
2: Microscopic
3: Embryology
4: Pathology
5: Molecular biology |
Gross Anatomy | Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye |
Regional anatomy | all structures in one part of the body are studied at the same time |
Systemic anatomy | various systems of the body are studied |
Microscopic anatomy | examination of body tissues using a microscope |
Cytology | study of the cells of the body |
Histology | study of the tissues of the body |
Embryology | developmental changes occurring before birth |
Pathology | disease related changes |
Molecular biology | sub-cellular level |
"Complementarity of structure and function" | Concept: function always reflects structure. What a structure can do depends on its specific form |
Hierarchy of Structural Organization | Concept: the human body incorporates many levels of structural complexity |
Levels of Hierarchy | 1: Atoms
2: Molecules
3: Organelles
4: Cells
5: Tissues
6: Organ
7: Organ System
8: Organism |
Homeostasis | Ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite a changing external environment. |
negative feedback | mechanisms that aids in the prevention of sudden severe changes within the body (blood glucose regulation)(most homeostatic control mechanisms) |
positive feedback | mechanisms that usually control infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustments. (coagulation labor contractions - oxytocin) |
Receptor | an organ that monitors the environment, sends information or input to the control center (afferent pathway) |
Effector | an organ that provides the means by which the control center can cause a response to a stimulus (efferent pathway) |
Control Center | determines the set point, analyzes input and determines the appropriate response. |