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Definitions - Ch. 1
Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 Definintions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | (Greek "to cut apart") - The study of the form, or structure of body parts and of how these parts relate to one another. Static image. |
| Physiology | The study of the functioning of the body;s structural machinery - how the parts of the body work and carry out their life sustaining activities. Dynamic process. |
| Subdivisions of Anatomy | 1: Gross 2: Microscopic 3: Embryology 4: Pathology 5: Molecular biology |
| Gross Anatomy | Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye |
| Regional anatomy | all structures in one part of the body are studied at the same time |
| Systemic anatomy | various systems of the body are studied |
| Microscopic anatomy | examination of body tissues using a microscope |
| Cytology | study of the cells of the body |
| Histology | study of the tissues of the body |
| Embryology | developmental changes occurring before birth |
| Pathology | disease related changes |
| Molecular biology | sub-cellular level |
| "Complementarity of structure and function" | Concept: function always reflects structure. What a structure can do depends on its specific form |
| Hierarchy of Structural Organization | Concept: the human body incorporates many levels of structural complexity |
| Levels of Hierarchy | 1: Atoms 2: Molecules 3: Organelles 4: Cells 5: Tissues 6: Organ 7: Organ System 8: Organism |
| Homeostasis | Ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite a changing external environment. |
| negative feedback | mechanisms that aids in the prevention of sudden severe changes within the body (blood glucose regulation)(most homeostatic control mechanisms) |
| positive feedback | mechanisms that usually control infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustments. (coagulation labor contractions - oxytocin) |
| Receptor | an organ that monitors the environment, sends information or input to the control center (afferent pathway) |
| Effector | an organ that provides the means by which the control center can cause a response to a stimulus (efferent pathway) |
| Control Center | determines the set point, analyzes input and determines the appropriate response. |
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