Question | Answer |
What are the 'borders' of the back? | EOP -to- Natal Cleft AND Posterior axillary folds laterally AND Trapezius mm. superolaterally |
The superior nuchal line runs from what to what? | EOP laterally to mastoid processes. |
The superior nuchal line is the superior attachment for what mm.? | Trapezius, SCM, Splenius capitis |
What are the two furrows of the back and what are the paravertebral mm. associated with each? | Nuchal furrow: b/w Semispinalis mm. AND Posteromedian furrow: b/w Erector Spinae mm. |
What are two other names for the butt crack? | Intergluteal cleft AND Natal cleft |
Why is the Sacral Hiatus important? | It's a landmark for anesthesia |
What are the 3 fascial layers of the back? | Superficial fascia (fat layer), Deep Investing fascia, Thoracolumbar fascia |
What is the purpose of Deep Investing fascia? | holds muscle together AND provides for movement of muscle over muscle |
What are the 3 layers of the Thoracolumbar fascia and what lies b/w them? | Posterior lamina: Erector spinae mm.: Middle lamina: Quadratus Lumborum mm.: Anterior lamina |
What are the 3 Groups of Back mm. and what are there purposes? | Superficial (Extrinsic) Group - MM. of the upper extremity; Intermediate Group - MM. of respiration; Deep (Intrinsic) Group - movers of the vertebra and head |
How many layers does the Superficial (Extrinsic) Group have and what muscles are in each layer? | 1st layer: Trapezius and Latissimus dorsi; 2nd layer: Rhomboid major and minor and Levator scapulae |