Question | Answer |
What bacteria does Tetracycline Cover? | Rickettsia, M. Pneumonia, Chlamydia |
What spectrum does Tetracycline Have? | Some Gram (+) and Gram (-) |
What contraindications does Tetracycline Have? | 1) Avoid milk products. 2) Under 8 years of age due to tooth discoloration. |
What coverage does Ciprofloxacin have? | Good gram (+) including Staph and occasional MRSA. Very good gram (-), including Pseudomonas. |
What contraindications does Ciprofloxacin have? | Tendon rupture and arthropathies in pediatric populations. Avoid Calcium products. |
What forms does Ciprofloxacin come in? | Tablets, IV, Suspensions |
What does Bacitracin cover? | Staph and Strep (NARROW spectrum) |
What forms does Bacitracin come in? | Cream and Ointment |
What is another name for Bactroban? | Mupirocin |
What form does Bactroban come in? | Ointment 2% |
What is the spectrum of Bactroban? | Staph and Strep |
What is the specific indication for Bactroban? | Impetigo |
What are the Broad spectrum topical antibiotics? | Neosporin, Silvadene cream 1% (Silver sulfadiazine), Betadine (Povidone iodine) |
What drugs are contained in neosporin? | Polymyxin B and Neomycin (for cream).
Polymyxin B, Neomycin and Bacitracin (for ointment) |
Broad spectrum antibiotic used for burn victims? | Silvadene Cream 1% (Silver Sulfadiazene) |
Silvadene Cream 1% (Silver sulfadiazene) coverage? | Broad spectrum |
Betadine (Povidone iodine) coverage? | Broad spectrum |
What forms does Betadine (Povidone Iodine) come in? | Solution, Cream, Ointment |
What drug is specifically indicated for Impetigo? | Bactroban (Mupirocin) |
What is the brand name of Acetaminophen for babies? | Tempra |
What is the brand name of Acetaminophen outside the US? | Panadol |
Is tylenol anti-inflammatory? | No |
Is tylenol an analgesic and anti-pyretic? | Yes |
What forms is Acetaminophen available in for children? | Chewable tablet and solution |
Properties of NSAIDS? | Analgesic, Anti-pyretic, Anti-Inflammatory (non-steroidal) |
What SE's do NSAIDS have? | GI upset, bleeding, peptic ulcer |
Contraindications to NSAIDS? | If allergy to ANY anti-inflammatory is present |
What is an NSAID specifically indicated for pediatrics? | Tolmetin Sodium |
Is Tolmetin Sodium children-friendly? | No (even though indicated specifically for children)...only available in Tablet form |
What are brand names for Ibuprofen? | Motrin and Advil |
Is Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil) an NSAID? | Yes |
What forms does Ibuprofen come in for Children? | Syrup and Elixir |
What is an NSAID indicated for Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis? | Naprosyn (Naproxen) |
What is the brand name of Naprosyn? | Naproxen |
What form does Naprosyn come in? | Orange-pineapple suspension |
When do you give a child ASA? | As long as the child is not experiencing "flu-like" symptoms |
What is the main concern with givin children ASA? | Reye's Syndrome |
When to use Steroids? | Dermatological Inflammatory Conditions (Dermatitis, Eczema, Inflammatory Tinea Pedis) |
When using TOPICAL steroids in ADULTS, what potency/duration is best? | High potency, Short Duration |
When using TOPICAL steroids in CHILDREN, what potency is best? | Low to intermediate strength |
Things to avoid with topicalsteroid use? | Occlusion, overuse/prolonged use and intertriginous areas (to decrease absorption) |
SE's of topical steroids? | Steroid atrophy, Striations, Ulceration, Hypothalamic-Pituitary adrenal axis suppression, Cushing's Syndrome |
What is the contraindication for topical steroids? | Varicella (chicken pox) |
What are the ULTRA HIGH potency topical steroids? | Diprolene (augmented betamethasone), Ultravate, Temorate |
What are the HIGH potency topical steroids? | Betamethasone Dipropionate, Betamethasone 0.05%, Fluocinonide |
What are the INTERMEDIATE potency topical steroids? | Betamethasone Valerate, Betamethasone 0.025%, Elocon (mometasone furoate) |
What are the LOW potency topical steroids? | Hydrocortison, Dexamethasone ....both are OTC |
What ages is Elecon (mometason furoate) indicated for? | Cream and ointment (12 yrs and up)...Lotion (2 years and up) |
Name a NON-steroidal topical Anti-Inflammatory? | Elidel (Pimecrolimus) |
What is another name for Elidel? | Pimecrolimus |
What is is Elidel's indication? | Atopic Dermatitis |
What is Elidal MOA and use precautions? | It inhibits T cell activation.
Do not use with occlusive dressings. And only use for children >2 years. |
How long should one use Anti-Fungals for? | 4 weeks (i.e. skin turnover time) |
What are the topical anti-fungal drugs? | Lotrimin, Loprox, Lamisil, Oxistat |
What are 2 derivatives of Lotrimin and how are they different? | Lotrimin Ultra -> More powerful
Lotrison -> Lotrimin + Betamethason Dipropionate. Therefore good for treating INFLAMMATORY TINEA |
What drug is good for treating inflammatory tinea? | Lotrisone |
What forms does Loprox come in? | Cream, lotion and gel.
Gel -> 16 years old and up
Cream/Lotion -> 10 years and up |
Is Lotrimin OTC? | Yes |
What forms does Oxistat come in? | Lotion and cream |
What do Keratolytics do? | They degrade/slough the skin |
What are Keratolytics used for? | Verruca, Psoriasis, Eczema |
What are the 3 categories of Keratolytics? | Urea, Salycylic Acid and Ammonium Lactate |
Name 3 Urea Keratolytics and what they're primarily used for. | Carmol 10, 20, 40. Carmol HC and Keralac.
Used for Ingrown nail. Carmol HC used especially for Onychomycosis. |
Name 3 Salycylic Acid Keratolytics. | Duoflim 16.7%, Mediplast 40%, Custom |
Name the Ammonium Lactate Keratolytic and the forms it comes in. | Lac-Hydrin...Cream and Lotion |
Dosage Conversions | 1 Teaspoon = 5 mL (cc)
1 Tablespoon = 15 mL (cc)
1 Oz. = 30 mL (cc) |
q.d. | Once a day |
b.i.d. | twice a day |
t.i.d. | three times a day |
q.i.d. | four times a day |
q | every |
h | hours |
h.s. | at night (before sleep) |
p.c. | with food (after meals) |
a.c. | without food (before meals) |
prn | as needed |
p.o. | by mouth |
d.a.w. | dispense as written |
What forms does Lotrimin come in? | Powder, solution, lotion cream |
Mediplast comes in what form? | Patch |
Fried's Rule | Based on age.
Patients < 1 year old.
(Age in months/150) * Adult Dose |
Young's Rule | Based on age.
Patients 2 or older.
(Age in years/Age in years + 12) * Adult Dose |
Clarke's Rule | Based on weight.
Patients 2 or older.
(Weight in lbs./150) * Adult Dose |
Body Surface Area is calculated using what Chart? | West Monogram |
PDR means what with respect to dosage? | Physician's Desk Reference |
What types of ORAL medications are there? | Antibiotics
Analgesics
NSAIDS
Steroids
Antipyretics |
Route of Topical Administration from most drying to least. | Powder, Solution, Gel, Lotion, Cream, Ointment
(O come let's get some people) |
Types of Topical Medications? | Antibiotis, Antifungals, Steroids, Keratolytics, Emollients |
What is penicillin used to treat? | ONLY strep ...Gram (+) |
What bacteriae does Amoxicillin/Ampicillin cover? | H. Influenzae, P. Mirabilis, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, E. coli |
Is Amoxicillin/ Ampicillin Beta-lactamase resistant? | No |
What is the drug of choice for animal bites? | Augmentin |
What bacteriae does Aubmentin cover? | Same as ampicillin.
But also better at Enterococcus.
Also covers some anaerobes...especially Bacteroides Fragilis |
What form does Augmentin come in? | Suspension (banana and orange)
Chewable Tablet (lemon-lime and cherry-banana) |
What's the main SE of Augmentin? | Diarrhea |
What do Cephalosporins cover? | Good Gram (+).
Adequate Gram (-).
Variable beta-lactamase resistance. |
What is the brand name for Cephalexin and what form does it come in? | Keflex.
Cherry-flavored suspension. |
What form does Cefadroxil come in? | Pineapple-Orange flavored suspension |
What coverage does Erythromycin have? | Good Gram (+) including Staph.
Also covers M. Pneumonia, Legionella, Chlamydia |
What form does Erythromycin come in? | Cherry-flavored Suspension |
What SE is common for Erythromycin? | GI upset |
If a patient has a penicillin allergy what drug should you use? | Erythromycin |