Question | Answer |
Anatomy | Study of body structure |
Physiology | Study of body function |
Pathophysiology | Study of disorders of Function |
Levels of Organization (3) | Simple, Basic, Complex |
Chemical | Atoms and compounds |
Body Chemical Types (2) | Organic and Non-organic |
Organic chemicals contain | Carbon AND Hydrogen |
Inorganic chemicals contain | Everything other than Carbon and Hydrogen |
Cells | Smallest living unit |
How many groups of tissue? | Four |
What are the groups of tissue | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nerve |
Connective Tissue | Connect and support parts of the body, transport and store |
Muscle Tissue | contraction of motility, peristalsis, gland secretion, etc. |
Nerve Tissue | Generate and transmit electochemical impulses |
Epithelial | Covers or lines the body surfaces |
Organ | Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific funtion. |
Organ System | A group of organs that work to perform a function |
Organ Systmes (11) | Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive. |
Organism | All body funtions contributing to a living being |
Metabolism | All of the chemical reactions and physical processes that take place in the body |
Metabolism origin | Greek: Change |
Metablolic Rate | speed at which the body produces energy and heat |
Homeostasis | Remaining mostly stable in an unstable environment |
pH of Blood | 7.35-7.45 |
pH Stands for | Parts hydrogen |
pH means | hydrogen concentration acid/alkaline (basic) balance |
Negative Feedback | Reversal of a function brought by monitoring the results of a function |
Negative Feedback example | Heater kicks on to compensate for the temperature drop, until the temperature meets the setting |
Positive Feedback | Enhancement of a function |
Positive Feedback example | Childbirth: cervix stretches, oxytocin releases by anterior pituitary, incresed utering contraction, more stretching of the cervix, more oxytocin, etc--Snowball effect |
Anatomic Position | Standing arms to the side with palms facing forward. |
Axillary | Armpit |
Brachial | Arm (upper arm) |
Buccal | Cheek (NOT mouth) |
Oral | Mouth (inside) |
Cardiac | Heart |
Cervical | Neck |
Cranial | Skull (back of head) |
Cutaneous | Skin |
Deltoid | Shoulder (muscle NOT joint) |
Femoral | Thigh (front and back) |
Gastric | Stomach |
Gluteal | Butt |
Hepatic | Liver |
Iliac | Ilium (pelvis NOT hip) |
Iguinal | Front of the hip/abdomanal area (NOT groin) |
Lumbar | Lower back (above ribs, below pelvis) |
Mammary | Breasts |
Nasal | Nose |
Occipital | Back of the skull (bone and lobe) |
Orbital | Eye |
Parietal | Side of skull above the ear more toward top (bone and lobe) |
Patellar | Knee cap |
Pectoral | Chest |
Perineal | Plevic floor (episiotomy area) |
Plantar | Sole of foot |
Popliteal | Back of knee (knee pit) |
Pulmonary | Lungs |
Renal | Kidney |
Sacral | Triangle at base of spine |
Temporal | Skull area around ear (NOT "temple") |
Umbilical | Navel |
Volar (palmar) | Palm |
Superior | Above, higher The heart is _____ to the liver |
Inferior | Below, lower The liver is ______ to the lungs |
Anterior | Toward front The chest is on the ______ side of the body |
Posterior | Toward back The lumbar area is _____ to the umbilical area. |
Ventral | Toward Front The mammary area is on the ______ side of the body. |
Dorsal | Toward Back The buttocks area is on the ______ side of the body. |
Medial | Toward midline The heart is _____ to the lungs |
Lateral | Away from midline The shoulder is ____ to the neck. |
Internal | Within, interior The brain is _____ to the skull |
External | Outside, external Tge ribs are _____ to the lungs |
Superficial | Toward surface The skin is the most _____ organ. |
Deep | Within, interior The _____ veins of the legs ar surrounded by muscles. |
Central | Main part The brain is part of the _____ nervous system. |
Peripheral | Extending from main part Nerves in the arm are part of the _______ nervous system. |
Proximal | Closer to the origin THe knee is ______ to the foot. |
Distal | Away from th origin The palm is _____ to the elbow. |
Parietal | Pertaining to wall of cavity (lines) The _______ pleura lines the chest cavity. |
Vesceral | Pertaining to organs within cavity (covers) The _____ pleura covers the lungs. |
2 Major Body Cavites | Dorsal and Ventral |
Dorsal Cavity includes | Cranial and Spinal |
Cranial Cavity includes | Skull: brain |
Spinal Cavity includes | Spinal column: spinal cord, meninges |
Ventral Cavity includes | Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities |
Thoracic Cavity includes | Heart and lungs |
Pleural Membranes | Serous membrans of the thoracic cavity Secrete serous fluid (water) for lubrication to reduce friction. |
Parietal Pleura | Lines chest wall |
Visceral Pleura | Covers Lungs |
Pericardial Membranes | No wall surrounds heart, but it does have a pericardial sac |
Parietal Pericardium | Lines pericardial sac |
Visceral Pericardium | Covers the heart |
Abdominal Cavity includes | Liver, stomach, intestines, etc. |
Parietal Peritoneum | Lines abdominal wall |
Messentery | Continuation of peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum) |
Pelvic Cavity includes | Bladder, reproductive organs, colon, rectum, uterus, prostate...Below pelvic rim...Covered by mesentery NOT lined by peritoneum |
Section | Cut of a body part virtual or literal |
Plane | Imaginary flat surface that separates two portions |
Frontal (coronal) | Separates front and back |
Saggital | Separates right and left |
Transvers | Seeparates upper and lower |
Cross-Section | Perpindicular to long axis of a structure |
Longitudical | Plane along the long axis of a structure |
Quadrants | RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ |
LLQ | Left lower quadrant |
RLQ | Right lower quadrant |
LUQ | Left upper quadrant |
RUQ | Right upper quadrant |
Nine Regions (top-bottom, right-left) | Right hypochondriac region, Epigastric region, Left hypichondrica region, Right lumbar region, Umbilical region, Left lumbar region, Right iliac region, Hypogastric region, Left iliac region |
Simplest level of organization | chemical |
Examples of organic chemicals | carbohydrates, fats, protein, nucleic acid |
Examples of inorganic chemicals | oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, calcium, iron |
The most complex level of organization | organ system |
The simplest living level or organization | cellular |
Tissue | cells with similar structure are grouped together |
Organ | group of tissue that is arranged in a particular way |
Covers or lines the surface | Epithelial tissue |
The lining of the stomach and the epidermis of the skin | Epithelial tissue |
Supports transports and stores material | Connective tissue |
Bone and blood | Connective tissue |
Contracts and brings about movement | Muscle tissue |
The heart and skeletal muscle | Muscle tissue |
Transmits nerve impulses that regulate body function | Nerve tissue |
Spinal cord and brain | nerve tissue |
Where do changes that effect the body take place | internal or external |
Lined with meninges | Cranial cavity OR Spinal cavity |
Contains the brain | Cranial cavity |
Lined with parietal pluera | Thoracic cavity |
Contains the heard and lungs | Thoracic cavity |
The inferior boundry to tge diaphragm | Thoracic cavity |
COntains the spinal cord | Spinal cavity |
Contains the internal reproductive organs and urinary bladder | Pelvic Cavity |
Lined with peritoneum | Abdominal cavity |
THe superior boundry to the diaphragm | Abdominal cavity |
Contains the liver and the pancreas | Abdomnal cavity |