Question | Answer |
What lower limb structures assist support in standing? | Hip ligaments (iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral), ligaments of knee, wedge-shaped talus |
What factors cause the elderly to fall? | Loss of proprioception, pharmacy (betablockers, benzodiazepines, etc), loss of visual accuity, infection (respiratory, inner-ear, UTI), CVA, heart attack, postural hypotension, paraesthesia, gait (antalgic, stepping, trendelenburg), slowed reflexes |
Define disability | Any restriction or lack of ability (resulting from an impairment) to perform an activity in the manner considered normal for a human |
Define impairment | Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structural sunction |
Define handicap | A disadvantage for an individual resulting from a disability or impairment that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role |
What 4 sensory mechanisms contribute to balance? | Proprioception, vision, tactile sense, vestibular system |
What in the vestibular system detects linear acceleration? | Otolith organ (utricle and saccule) |
What in the vestibular system detects angular acceleration? | Semi-circular canals |
Which area of the nervous system coordinates balance, muscle synchronisation, and fine movements? | Cerebellum |