Question | Answer |
aque/o | water |
blephar/o | eyelid |
conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva (join together) |
corne/o | cornea |
kerat/o | cornea |
cycl/o | ciliary body (circle) |
ir/o | iris (colored circle) |
irid/o | iris (colored circle) |
lacrim/o | tear |
dacry/o | tear |
ocul/o | eye |
ophthalm/p | eye |
opt/o | eye |
phac/o | lens (lentil) |
phak/o | lens (lentil) |
phot/o | light |
presby/o | old age |
retin/o | retina |
scler/o | sclera (hard) |
vitre/o | glassy |
-opia | condition of vision |
Anterior chamber | fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris |
aqueous humor | watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chambers - provides nourishment for cornea, iris, lens |
canal of schlemm | duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and blood stream |
choroid | vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina |
ciliary body | ring of muscle behind the peripheral iris that controls the power of the lens |
ciliary muscle | smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body which contracts to assit in near-vision capabilities |
ciliary processes | epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor |
conjunctiva | joining together, mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball |
cornea | transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract(bend) light to focus a visual image |
eyelid (palpebra) | movable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye |
fovea centralis | pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea = pit) |
fundus (base) | interior surface of the eyeball including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye) |
gland of Zeis | oil glands surrounding the eyelashes |
meibomian glands | oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids |
iris | colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil |
lacrimal glands | gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears |
lacrimal ducts | tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac |
lacrimal sac | structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct |
lens | transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina |
lens capsule | capsule that encloses the lens |
macula lutea(macula) | central region of the retina responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color (lutea=yellow) |
nasolacrimal duct | passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose |
optic disk | exit site of retinal nerve fibers, as well as the entrance point for retinal arteries and the exit point for retinal veins |
optic nerve | nerve responsible for carrying impulses or the sense of sight from the retina to the brain |
posterior chamber | space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous filled with aqueous fluid |
pupil | black circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye |
retina | innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve |
cones | cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light |
rods | rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light |
sclera | tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve |
trabecular meshwork | mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor ass it flows into the canal of Schlemm |
vitreous | jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye |
asthenopia | eyestrain (asthenia = weak condition) |
blepharospasm | involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye, causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing |
diplopia | double vision |
exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of one or both eye balls |
exophthalamus | abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs |
lacrimation | secretion of tears |
nystagmus | involuntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball (nystagmos = a nodding) |
photophobia | extreme sensitivity to and discomfort from light |
scotoma | blind spot in vision (skotos = darkness) |
refractive errors | defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye causing improper focus on the retina |
astigmatism | distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma=point) |
hyperopia | farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays extend beyond the proper focus on the retina |
myopia | nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects while light rays fall short of the proper focus on the retina |
presbyopia | impaired vision owing to old-age loss of accommodation |
accommodation | ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects |
amblyopia | decreased vision in early life due to a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus refractive errors (one eye more near/far/astig than the other) or trauma. usually in one eye - aka Lazy eye |
aphakia | absence of the lens, usually after a cataract extraction |
blepharitis | inflammaion of the eyelid |
blepharochalasis | baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid, causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open |
dermatochalasis | baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid, causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open |
blepharoptosis | drooping eyelid usually caused by paralysis |
ptosis | drooping of the eyelid usually caused by paralysis |
chalazion | chronic nodular inflammation of a meibombian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid |
cataract | opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision |
conjunctivitis | pinkeye;inflammation of the conjunctiva |
dacryoadenitis | inflammation of the lacrimal gland |
dacryocystitis | inflammation of the tear sac (cyst/o= sac) |
diabetic retinopathy | disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage,bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) , leading to scarring and loss of vision |
ectropion | outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (trop/o = turning) |
entropion | inward turning of the rim of the eyelid |
epiphora | abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct |
glaucoma | group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision |
hordeolum | sty; as acute infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid |
irits | inflammation of the iris |
keratitis | inflammation of the cornea |
macular degeneration | breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in a partial or complete loss of central vision |
pseudophakia | eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant |
pterygium | fibrous growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea |
retinal detachment | separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically |
retinitis | inflammation of the retina |
strabismus | crossed eyes; a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance |
heterotropia | eye deviates to or away from nose |
esotropia | right or left eye deviates inward toward the nose |
exotropia | right or left eye deviates outward away from the nose |
scleritis | inflammation of the sclera |
trichiasis | misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea |