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PHM 315 ch 12
Eye Medical Terminology pg 386-395
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aque/o | water |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva (join together) |
| corne/o | cornea |
| kerat/o | cornea |
| cycl/o | ciliary body (circle) |
| ir/o | iris (colored circle) |
| irid/o | iris (colored circle) |
| lacrim/o | tear |
| dacry/o | tear |
| ocul/o | eye |
| ophthalm/p | eye |
| opt/o | eye |
| phac/o | lens (lentil) |
| phak/o | lens (lentil) |
| phot/o | light |
| presby/o | old age |
| retin/o | retina |
| scler/o | sclera (hard) |
| vitre/o | glassy |
| -opia | condition of vision |
| Anterior chamber | fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris |
| aqueous humor | watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chambers - provides nourishment for cornea, iris, lens |
| canal of schlemm | duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and blood stream |
| choroid | vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina |
| ciliary body | ring of muscle behind the peripheral iris that controls the power of the lens |
| ciliary muscle | smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body which contracts to assit in near-vision capabilities |
| ciliary processes | epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor |
| conjunctiva | joining together, mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball |
| cornea | transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract(bend) light to focus a visual image |
| eyelid (palpebra) | movable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye |
| fovea centralis | pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea = pit) |
| fundus (base) | interior surface of the eyeball including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye) |
| gland of Zeis | oil glands surrounding the eyelashes |
| meibomian glands | oil glands located along the rim of the eyelids |
| iris | colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil |
| lacrimal glands | gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears |
| lacrimal ducts | tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac |
| lacrimal sac | structure that collects tears before emptying into the nasolacrimal duct |
| lens | transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina |
| lens capsule | capsule that encloses the lens |
| macula lutea(macula) | central region of the retina responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color (lutea=yellow) |
| nasolacrimal duct | passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose |
| optic disk | exit site of retinal nerve fibers, as well as the entrance point for retinal arteries and the exit point for retinal veins |
| optic nerve | nerve responsible for carrying impulses or the sense of sight from the retina to the brain |
| posterior chamber | space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous filled with aqueous fluid |
| pupil | black circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye |
| retina | innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve |
| cones | cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light |
| rods | rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light |
| sclera | tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve |
| trabecular meshwork | mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor ass it flows into the canal of Schlemm |
| vitreous | jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye |
| asthenopia | eyestrain (asthenia = weak condition) |
| blepharospasm | involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye, causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing |
| diplopia | double vision |
| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of one or both eye balls |
| exophthalamus | abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs |
| lacrimation | secretion of tears |
| nystagmus | involuntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball (nystagmos = a nodding) |
| photophobia | extreme sensitivity to and discomfort from light |
| scotoma | blind spot in vision (skotos = darkness) |
| refractive errors | defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye causing improper focus on the retina |
| astigmatism | distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma=point) |
| hyperopia | farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays extend beyond the proper focus on the retina |
| myopia | nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects while light rays fall short of the proper focus on the retina |
| presbyopia | impaired vision owing to old-age loss of accommodation |
| accommodation | ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects |
| amblyopia | decreased vision in early life due to a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus refractive errors (one eye more near/far/astig than the other) or trauma. usually in one eye - aka Lazy eye |
| aphakia | absence of the lens, usually after a cataract extraction |
| blepharitis | inflammaion of the eyelid |
| blepharochalasis | baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid, causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open |
| dermatochalasis | baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid, causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open |
| blepharoptosis | drooping eyelid usually caused by paralysis |
| ptosis | drooping of the eyelid usually caused by paralysis |
| chalazion | chronic nodular inflammation of a meibombian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid |
| cataract | opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision |
| conjunctivitis | pinkeye;inflammation of the conjunctiva |
| dacryoadenitis | inflammation of the lacrimal gland |
| dacryocystitis | inflammation of the tear sac (cyst/o= sac) |
| diabetic retinopathy | disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage,bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) , leading to scarring and loss of vision |
| ectropion | outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (trop/o = turning) |
| entropion | inward turning of the rim of the eyelid |
| epiphora | abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct |
| glaucoma | group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision |
| hordeolum | sty; as acute infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid |
| irits | inflammation of the iris |
| keratitis | inflammation of the cornea |
| macular degeneration | breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in a partial or complete loss of central vision |
| pseudophakia | eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant |
| pterygium | fibrous growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea |
| retinal detachment | separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically |
| retinitis | inflammation of the retina |
| strabismus | crossed eyes; a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance |
| heterotropia | eye deviates to or away from nose |
| esotropia | right or left eye deviates inward toward the nose |
| exotropia | right or left eye deviates outward away from the nose |
| scleritis | inflammation of the sclera |
| trichiasis | misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea |
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