Question | Answer |
organs involved in the breakdown of food | digestive system |
the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the rectum & anus | proctology |
the structure, function, diagnosis, & treatment of diseases of the stomach & intestines | gastroenterology |
a continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus | GI tract |
AKA GI tract | alimentary canal |
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, & pancreas | accessory digestive glands |
the capability of the GI tract to mix & move material along its length is | motility |
the large carbohydrate, lipid, protein, & nucleic acid molecules in food are split into smaller molecules by hydrolysis in | chemical digestion |
teeth cut & grind the food, smooth muscles of the stomach & small intestine churn the food in | mechanical digestion |
entrance of ingested & secreted fluids, ions, & the products of digestion into the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the GI tract | absorption |
the discharge of feces from the rectum | defecation |
inner lining of the GI tract | mucosa membrane |
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium lining & protecting the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, & anal canal | epithelium |
all the chemical reactions that occur in the body | metabolism |
chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are collectively known as | catabolism |
chemical reactions that combine simple molecules & monomers to form the body's complex structural & functional components | anabolism |
molecule that couples catabolic and anabolic reactions | ATP |
catabolic reactions that produces more energy than it consumes | exergonic |
anabolic reactions that consume more energy than they produce | endergonic |
removal of electrons from an atom or molecule, the result is a decrease in potential energy of that atom or molecule | oxidation |
the addition of electrons to a molecule resulting in an increase in the potential energy of the molecule | reduction |
the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is a | reduction reaction |
oxidation and reduction reactions are always | paired, aka redox reactions |
the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, that causes an increase in potential energy | phosphorylation |