Question | Answer |
Cell Theory | A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms; The activity of an organism depends on the collective activities of its cells |
Principle of complementarity | biochemical activities of cells are dictated by the relative number of their specific subcellular structures |
Cell Diversity | More than 200 different cell types; structure drives function; Differ in size and shape, function, various organelles |
Generalized cell | Nucleus, Cytoplasm, plasma membrane |
Nucleus | control center and contains genes, contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli |
Nuclear envelope | double membrane barrier with nuclear pores, and a fluid space between the two membranes allowing some but not all substances to pass, encloses the nucleoplasm |
Nucleoli | where ribosomes are assembled |
Chromatin | DNA and protein mix |
Cytoplasm | the site of most cellular activities containing cytosol, organelles and inclusions |
Cytosol | semitransparent fluid that suspends other elements |
Organelles | metabolic machinery, synthesize proteins, package proteins, etc. |
Mitochondria | carry out reactions using oxygen to break down foods, produce ATP |
Ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
Rough endoplasmic reticulum | Cell’s membrane factory |
Endoplasmic reticulum | Provides a network of channels for carrying substances |
Smooth ER | lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and pesticides |
Golgi apparatus | traffic director for cellular proteins, modifies and packages proteins |
Lysosomes | digest waste material |
Peroxisomes | contains enzymes that use molecular oxygen to detoxify harmful or poisonous substances, disarm dangerous free radicals, reactive chemicals that can scramble the structure of proteins |
Cytoskeleton | protein fibers; cilia; flagella |
Cilia | immobile, have tails, that move stuff |
Flagella | mobile and propel stuff through cells |
Inclusions | stored nutrients |
Plasma membrane | the cell membrane that controls what enters and exits the cell |
Tight junctions | impermeable |
Desmosomes | anchoring junctions |
Gap junctions | allow communication |