| Question | Answer |
| eturscans | people who lived N. of Rome and influenced all of Roman culture |
| patricians | members of landholding upper class |
| republic | gov. where people choose some officials |
| consuls | supervise business, gov., and army |
| dictator | ruler w/ complete control (Cincinatus model dictator) |
| plebians | average people of Rome; made up most of pop. |
| tribunes | plebians right to elect own officials |
| veto | block laws that felt harmful to plebians |
| laws of 12 | gave plebians right to appeal judgement by patrician judge |
| legion | basic military unit of about 5000 men; paid when successful, killed when disgraced |
| why did rome develope major trade and defensive formations? | central location and fertile land |
| who were romulus and remus? | founders of rome, romulus won power |
| who did romans fight in punic wars? | carthage |
| what was the outcome of the first punic war? | rome won sicilly, corsica, and sardina |
| what was the outcome of the second punic war? | cathage got revenge; Hannibal used sneek attack from Alps, but rome won w/ larger army, rome still wanted carthage gone... |
| what was the outcome of the third punic war? | cato argued cathage should be destroyed; rome completely destroyed... |
| imperialism | est. control over foriegn lands and people |
| who allied w/ rome? | egypt |
| latifundia | huge states wealthy farmers bought |
| tiberious and gais gracchi | patricians who were first to reform; tiberius as tribune gave poor land and gais had public funds and fed poor; senate killed them in thought of being threats |
| why did rome republic fall? | political parties fought to much |
| julius ceasar | military commander later in 1 triumvant and won; dictator; had many reforms; stabbed to death when thought of him becoming king |
| mark antony | ceasars chief general, lost 2 triumvant to octavian |
| augustus | "exalted one;" best roman emperor; started w/ Pax Romanna; made census; wasnt king, but had all power |
| census | pop. count of empire so records of who should be taxed was easier |
| bad insane emperors of rome emp. | caligula (boots) and nero; insane and evil about christ. |
| hadrian | confided rome law; built wall across britain to hold back attackers; one of better rulers |
| marcus aurelius | last emperor during Pax.; close to being "philosopher king" |
| pax romana | lands protected, trade flow, ideas spread |
| circus maximus | entertainment stadium for races and fights; gladiators who won got back freedom |
| latins | settled around Tiber R. & Palatine hill |
| virgil | wrote the Aeneid that told of heroic stories of rome's past as Greece. |
| satirize | make fun of roman society in poem verse; horaces were gentle and playful, but juvenal and martial were more bitter |
| livy | wrote tales of patriotic feeling and tradtion through rome's heroic past |
| tacitus | worte bitter about augustus and his successes |
| stoicism | importance of duty and acceptance of ones's fate. also concerned for well- being of people |
| mosaic | pic. made of chipped glass that was colored |
| rome arch. | gradeur; improved columns and arches; Pantheon |
| engineering | science and math to develope structures |
| aquaducts | used to carry water in city; pipe system; public baths |
| ptolomy | theory earth was center of universe |
| galen | advanced medical field w/ experimenting |
| pliny | compiled geography, zoology, botany, and others all based on peoples works |
| 2 codes become 1 | civil and law |
| what does punic stand for? | phonecian |
| what religion where most people in rome? | polytheistic |
| what did rome conquer in 63 bc? | Judea; let them worsip 1 god; zealots didnt live under law |
| messiah | anointed king sent by god, led people to freedom |
| what flared in 66 ad? | jewish rebellion; many jews died or left Judea |
| who was jesus a decendent of? | king david |
| what was jesus called? | son of most high god |
| apostles | person sent forth |
| paul | jew from asia minor; most influential when spreading christ. |
| martyrs | people who suffer for their beliefs |
| constantine | issued edict of milan to help christ. becom #1, freedom of religion |
| clergy | only men; group who conducts services |
| bishop | responsible for all diocese |
| patriarch | authority over bishops in their area |
| popes | bishops of rome; authority over all bishops |
| heresies | beliefs contrary to official teachings; caused division |
| who were the 2 leading scholars of chist.? | clement and origen |
| augustine | greates bishop of Hippo in n. africa; combined chist. doctrine w/ grecko-roman |
| sulla and marius | sulla and maruis fought for spot in dictator; sulla won |
| diocletian | emperor who split power w/ maximus and was out to restore order when emp. divided |
| inflation | rise in prices |
| constantine | gave christ. tolerance; new capital constantinople over byzantium; invaders of germanians didnt help |
| huns | nomads migrating from central asia to europe; others went to rome for saftey from them; pressure gave away territories |
| general aliric | visgoth; overran italy and rome |
| odoacer | germanic leader ousted roman emperor; caused "fall" |
| why did rome fall? | political turmoil:wars for throne, gov. w to much power econmy weak: high tax, wars cause pop. decline social decay: mercenaries take away patiriotism, upper class no leading |
