Question | Answer |
kidneys | part of the urinary system; have the role of filtering the blood by removing waste products, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine from the body system and producing urine |
urinary bladder | storage reservoir for the urine |
urethra | small tube leading from the bladder out of the body |
homeostasis | state of balance and stable internal environment |
ren/o | kidney |
ureter/o | ureter |
urethr/o | urethra |
cyst/o | urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid |
vesic/o | urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid |
lith/o | stone, calculus |
pyelo/o | renal pelvis |
nephr/o | kidney |
urin/o | urine |
hemat/o | blood |
hem/o | blood |
noct/o | night |
py/o | pus |
olig/o | few/diminished |
ur/o | urine |
glomerul/o | glomerulus |
lys/o | breakdown |
an | without |
a | without |
dys | abnormal, painful, difficult |
poly | many |
hyper | excessive |
dia | through |
ic | pertaining to |
al | pertaining to |
ole | small |
emia | blood condition |
scope | instrument for viewing |
iasis | condition |
itis | inflammation |
ectomy | surgical removal of |
cele | hernia, protrusion |
scopy | process of viewing |
tripsy | crushing |
uria | urine |
osis | abnormal condition |
graphy | process of recording |
renal artery | supplies each of the kidneys with its blood supply |
renal cortex | outer region of the kidney |
urine | liquid form of waste in the body |
nephrons | blood filtering mechanisms that form urine |
renal medulla | middle or inner region of the kidney |
renal pelvis | inner region of the kidney |
ureters | long narrow muscular tubes through which urine flows from the kidney to the bladder |
urethral meatus | external opening which is found anterior to the vaginal opening and carries only urine |
urination | process where urine is expelled from the body |
micturition | process where urine is expelled from the body |
voiding | process where urine is expelled from the body |
glomerulus | cluster of capillaries in the kidneys where the urine formation begins |
Bowman's capsule | membrane that surrounds the glomerulus |
tubular reabsorption | process by which water, sugar, and salts are returned to the bloodstream |
tubular secretion | process of transferring substances such as potassium and hydrogen from the blood into the urine |
urologist | specialist that diagnoses and treats diseases of the urinary system |
urology | the study of the urinary system |
nephrologist | diagnoses and treats disorders of the kidneys |
nephrology | the study of the kidneys |
nephrolithiasis | presences of stones in the kidneys |
urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder |
renal failure | kidneys stop functioning partially or completely |
anuria | abnormal condition, no urine formation |
dysuria | painful urination |
cystocele | hernia of the urinary bladder through the vaginal wall |
diuresis | secreting large amounts of urine |
hematuria | blood in the urine |
glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidneys |
nephromegaly | enlargement of the kidneys |
nocturia | excessive urination at night |
urinary retention | inability to empty the urinary bladder |
pyuria | pus in the urine |
pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
ureterorrhagia | discharge of blood from the ureter |
urinary tract infection (UTI) | urinary infections that begin in the bladder |
urethralgia | pain in the urethra |
polyuria | pain in the urethra |
incontinence | inability to control excretory functions |
urinary incontinence | inability to control the voiding of urine |
cystography | process of recording an x-ray of the urinary bladder |
cystoscopy | visual examination of the interior of the urinary bladder |
hemodialysis | procedure to filter blood when the kidneys are not functioning |
intravenous pyelography (IVP) | x-ray study of the kidneys, bladder, urethra and ureters by injecting a contrast medium into a vein to assist in visualization |
catheterization | insertion of a sterile catheter through the urethra into the urinary bladder to collect urine |
urinalysis (UA) | examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements |
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | blood test to determine the amount urea in the blood |
24 hour urine specimen | collecting of all of the urine excreted by a patient in a 24 hour period |
urine culture | urine specimen that is checked for the presence of bacteria |
KUB | x-ray of the lower abdomen to check the size, shape, and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
cystectomy | surgical removal of all or part of the bladder |
lithotomy | surgical incision to remove a stone |
urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra |
kidney transplant | grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace a persons failing kidney |
lithotripsy | destruction of a kidney stone by using ultrasonic waves that travel through water |