Question | Answer |
What is bone made of? | Osseous connective tissue |
What are fetal bones made of? | cartilage and fibrous tissue |
The process of depositing calcium in bone and replacing cartilage is called? | ossification and calcification |
What are mature bone cells called? | osteocytes |
What are immature, bone building cells called? | osteoblasts |
Cells that breakdown bone and maintain bone interiors and shape are called? | osteoclasts |
Periosteum | outer covering of bones |
Compact bone | hard outer shell of bone |
Haversian canal | canal in compact bones, hold blood vessels |
Medullary cavity | space in shaft of long bones |
Articular cartilage | cartilage at ends of long bones |
Diaphysis | shaft of the long bone |
Epiphysis | ends of developing bones |
Cancellous bone | inner spongy, porous bone |
Trabeculae | lattice work in cancellous bone |
Endosteum | thin membrane, lines medullary cavity |
Red bone marrow is called hemopoeitic tissue because? | It produces blood cells |
Where is red bone marrow found? | flat bones: skull, scapula, sternum, ribs ilium,and ends of long bones |
What does yellow bone marrow store? | fat |
Where is yellow bone marrow found? | shafts of adult long bones |
What is the only movable bone of the skull? | mandible |
What is the foramen magnum> | hole in base of skull (occipital bone) Spinal cord passes through it |
Which bones are found at the shoulder joint? | scapula, humerus, clavicle |
The vertebral body is the ________ portion of the vertabra? | anterior |
The vertebral arch is the ________ portion of the vertebra? | posterior |
The process of the scapula that forms the top of the shoulder is called | acromion process |
The process of the proximal end of the ulna, commonly referred to as the elbow is called | olecranon process |
Name the 3 bones fused together to form the os coxae or "hip bone" | ilium, ischium, pubic bone |
The place where 2 or more bones come together is called a joint or | articulation |
A non movable joint is called | synarthrosis |
A partially movable joint is called | amphiarthrosis |
A fully movable join is called | diarthrosis or synovial joint |
What lines joints? | synovial membranes |
What do synovial membranes produce? | synovial fluid, which cushions the joint and decreases stress and friction |
ligament | connective tissue that binds bones to other bones |
bursa | connective tissue sac of fluid at or around a joint |
torticollis | stiff neck |
kyphosis | humpback-- exaggerated thoracic curve |
scoliosis | lateral curvature |
lordosis | excessive lumbar curve--swayback |
dislocation | traumatic injuries to joints where bones in a joint are forcefully separated. May or may not involve rupture of ligaments |
subluxation | bones in joint move out of alignment, but do not dislocate |
tendon | attaches muscle to bone |
What is a compound or open fracture | The bone breaks through the skin |
What is a simple or closed fracture | does not break through skin |
What is a spiral fracture | Break spirals around bone. Seen in skiing accidents and abuse |
What is a comminuted fracture | A break in multiple pieces, shattered |
Putting fractured bone back into alignment is called | reduction |
When putting bones back into alignment without surgery it is called | closed reduction |
When putting bones back into alignment requires surgery it is called | open reduction |
Holding bones in alignment is called | immobilization |
When hardware must be used to keep bones together it is called | internal fixation |
What is the abbreviation for and "internal fixation" | ORIF--open reduction, internal fixation |
The disease characterized by a decrease in bone density from loss of calcium salts and causing thinning and weakness of the bone is called | osteoporosis |
A bacterial infection of the bone and bone marrow is called | osteomyelitis |
What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis | open/compound fracture |
What is rickets | bending/bowing of bones from vitamin D deficiency |
What is osteoarthritis | inflammation of joint caused by thinning of articular cartilage, thickened synovial fluid, enlarged painful joints |
What is rheumatoid arthritis | systemic inflammatory disease, autoimmune, causes inflammation and damage to joint, deformity and impaired movement |
What is gout | inflammation of joint from uric acid crystals in joint. A metabolic disorder |
What is an arthroscopy | a visual exam of joint using a scope |
What is arthrography | injection of dye into the joint for imaging |
What is myelography | injection of dye into spinal canal to visualize the spinal cord |