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MyoSkel Review
Muscloskeletal Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is bone made of? | Osseous connective tissue |
| What are fetal bones made of? | cartilage and fibrous tissue |
| The process of depositing calcium in bone and replacing cartilage is called? | ossification and calcification |
| What are mature bone cells called? | osteocytes |
| What are immature, bone building cells called? | osteoblasts |
| Cells that breakdown bone and maintain bone interiors and shape are called? | osteoclasts |
| Periosteum | outer covering of bones |
| Compact bone | hard outer shell of bone |
| Haversian canal | canal in compact bones, hold blood vessels |
| Medullary cavity | space in shaft of long bones |
| Articular cartilage | cartilage at ends of long bones |
| Diaphysis | shaft of the long bone |
| Epiphysis | ends of developing bones |
| Cancellous bone | inner spongy, porous bone |
| Trabeculae | lattice work in cancellous bone |
| Endosteum | thin membrane, lines medullary cavity |
| Red bone marrow is called hemopoeitic tissue because? | It produces blood cells |
| Where is red bone marrow found? | flat bones: skull, scapula, sternum, ribs ilium,and ends of long bones |
| What does yellow bone marrow store? | fat |
| Where is yellow bone marrow found? | shafts of adult long bones |
| What is the only movable bone of the skull? | mandible |
| What is the foramen magnum> | hole in base of skull (occipital bone) Spinal cord passes through it |
| Which bones are found at the shoulder joint? | scapula, humerus, clavicle |
| The vertebral body is the ________ portion of the vertabra? | anterior |
| The vertebral arch is the ________ portion of the vertebra? | posterior |
| The process of the scapula that forms the top of the shoulder is called | acromion process |
| The process of the proximal end of the ulna, commonly referred to as the elbow is called | olecranon process |
| Name the 3 bones fused together to form the os coxae or "hip bone" | ilium, ischium, pubic bone |
| The place where 2 or more bones come together is called a joint or | articulation |
| A non movable joint is called | synarthrosis |
| A partially movable joint is called | amphiarthrosis |
| A fully movable join is called | diarthrosis or synovial joint |
| What lines joints? | synovial membranes |
| What do synovial membranes produce? | synovial fluid, which cushions the joint and decreases stress and friction |
| ligament | connective tissue that binds bones to other bones |
| bursa | connective tissue sac of fluid at or around a joint |
| torticollis | stiff neck |
| kyphosis | humpback-- exaggerated thoracic curve |
| scoliosis | lateral curvature |
| lordosis | excessive lumbar curve--swayback |
| dislocation | traumatic injuries to joints where bones in a joint are forcefully separated. May or may not involve rupture of ligaments |
| subluxation | bones in joint move out of alignment, but do not dislocate |
| tendon | attaches muscle to bone |
| What is a compound or open fracture | The bone breaks through the skin |
| What is a simple or closed fracture | does not break through skin |
| What is a spiral fracture | Break spirals around bone. Seen in skiing accidents and abuse |
| What is a comminuted fracture | A break in multiple pieces, shattered |
| Putting fractured bone back into alignment is called | reduction |
| When putting bones back into alignment without surgery it is called | closed reduction |
| When putting bones back into alignment requires surgery it is called | open reduction |
| Holding bones in alignment is called | immobilization |
| When hardware must be used to keep bones together it is called | internal fixation |
| What is the abbreviation for and "internal fixation" | ORIF--open reduction, internal fixation |
| The disease characterized by a decrease in bone density from loss of calcium salts and causing thinning and weakness of the bone is called | osteoporosis |
| A bacterial infection of the bone and bone marrow is called | osteomyelitis |
| What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis | open/compound fracture |
| What is rickets | bending/bowing of bones from vitamin D deficiency |
| What is osteoarthritis | inflammation of joint caused by thinning of articular cartilage, thickened synovial fluid, enlarged painful joints |
| What is rheumatoid arthritis | systemic inflammatory disease, autoimmune, causes inflammation and damage to joint, deformity and impaired movement |
| What is gout | inflammation of joint from uric acid crystals in joint. A metabolic disorder |
| What is an arthroscopy | a visual exam of joint using a scope |
| What is arthrography | injection of dye into the joint for imaging |
| What is myelography | injection of dye into spinal canal to visualize the spinal cord |
Created by:
mlarke
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