Question | Answer |
Layers of the Epidermis from superficial to deep: | stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale |
common skin condition in which there is excess blood near the surface of the skin | ERYTHEMA |
COMMON SKIN CONDITION IN WHICH THE CAUSES INCLUDE IRRITATION, ALLERGY, EMBARRASSMENT | ERYTHEMA |
COMMON SKIN CONDITION IN WHICH THERE IS A YELLOWING OF THE SKIN AND SCLERA OF THE EYE | JAUNDICE |
COMMON SKIN CONDITION IN WHICH THE CAUSE IS DEPOSITION OF BILE PIGMENTS IN TISSUE | JAUNDICE |
COMMON SKIN CONDITION IN WHICH THERE IS A "METALLIC" BRONZING OF THE SKIN | ADDISION'S DISEASE |
COMMON SKIN CONDITION IN WHICH THE CAUSE IS ADRENAL HYPOFUNCTION | ADDISION'S DISEASE |
COMMON SKIN CONDITION IN WHICH THERE IS BLOOD CLOTTING BELOW THE SKIN SURFACE | BRUISING |
BONE BUILDING ESSENTIALS ARE | DIETARY PROTEIN, VITAMINS A, C & D, MINERALS (CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, MAGNESIUM & MANGANESE |
BONE-FORMING CELLS | OSTEOBLASTS |
MATURE BONE CELLS | OSTEOCYTES |
LARGE CELLS THAT RESORB OR BREAK DOWN BONE MATRIX | OSTEOCLASTS |
UNMINERALIZED BONE MATRIX COMPOSED OF PROTEOGLYCANS, GLYCOPROTEINS, AND COLLAGEN | OSTEOID |
THE PROCESS OF BONE TISSUE FORMATION | OSTEOGENESIS AND OSSIFICATION |
OSTEOGENESIS AND OSSIFICATION LEADS TO | FORMATION OF BONY SKELETON IN EMBRYOS, BONE GROWTH UNTIL EARLY ADULTHOOD, BONE THICKNESS, REMODELING, AND REPAIR |
FORMATION OF BONY SKELETON BEGINS AT | WEEK 8 OF EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT |
FORMATION OF BONY SKELETON INVOVLES ___ AND ___ | INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION AND ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION |
PROCESS IN WHICH BONE DEVELOPS FROM A FIBROUS MEMBRANE | INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION |
PROCESS IN WHICH BONE FORMS BY REPLACING HYALINE CARTILAGE | ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION |
CONDITION OF THE BONE IN WHICH BONE RESORPTION OUTPACES BONE DEPOSIT | OSTEOPOROSIS |
CONDITION OF THE BONE IN WHICH THERE IS AN INADEQUATE MINIERALIZATION, THE OSTEOID IS PRODUCED BY THERE IS NO CALCIUM SALTS OR THERE IS A LACK OF VIT. D | OSTEOMALACIA |
CONDITION OF THE BONE WHICH OCCURS IN CHILDREN AND IS MORE SEVERE IN WHICH THERE IS INADEQUATE MINERALIZATION, OSTEOID PRODUCED BUT NO CALCIUM SALTS OR A LACK OF VIT. D | RICKETS |
___ ARE THE WEAKEST PART OF THE SKELETON | JOINTS (ARTICULATIONS) |
___ IS THE SITE WHERE TWO OR MORE BONES MEET | ARTICULATION |
FUNCTIONS OF JOINTS INCLUDE: | GIVING THE SKELETON MOBILITY, HOLDING THE SKELETON TOGETHER |
THREE FUNCTION CLASSES OF JOINTS ARE: | SYNARTHROSES, AMPHIATHROSES, DIARTHROSES |
JOINT THAT IS IMMOVABLE | SYNARTHROSES |
JOINT THAT IS SLIGHTLY MOVABLE | AMPHIARTHROSES |
JOINT THAT IS FREELY MOVABLE | DIARTHROSES |
___ CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS FOCUSES ON THE MATERIAL BINDING BONES TOGETHER AND WHETHER OR NOT A JOINT CAVITY IS PRESENT | STRUCTURAL |
THE THREE STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS ARE: | FIBROUS, CARTILAGINOUS, SYNOVIAL |
THE BONES OF THIS TYPE OF JOINT ARE JOINED TOGETHER BY FIBROUS TISSUES | FIBROUS STRUCTURAL JOINT |
THERE IS NO JOINT CAVITY IN THIS TYPE OF JOINT | FIBROUS STRUCTURAL JOINT |
MOST OF THESE TYPE OF JOINTS ARE IMMOVABLE | FIBROUS STRUCTURAL JOINT |
THE THREE TYPES OF FIBROUS STRUCTURAL JOINTS ARE | SUTURES, SYNDESMOSES, AND GOMPHOSES |
FIBROUS STRUCTURAL JOINT THAT OCCUR BETWEEN THE BONES OF THE SKULL | SUTURES |
FIBROUS STRUCTURAL JOINT THAT COMPRISED OF INTERLOCKING JUNCTION COMPLETELY FILLED WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBERS | SUTURES |
FIBROUS STRUCTURAL JOINT THAT BINDS BONES TIGHTLY TOGETHER, BUT ALLOW FOR GROWTH DURING YOUTH | SUTURES |
FIBROUS STRUCTURAL JOINT THAT IN MIDDLE AGE, SKULL BONES FUSE AND ARE CALLED SYNOSTOSES | SUTURES |
FIBROUS STRUCTURAL JOINT THAT BONES ARE CONNECTED BY A FRIBROUS TISSUE LIGAMENT | SYNDESMOSES |
FIBROUS STRUCTURAL JOINT IN WHICH MOVEMENT VARIES FROM IMMOVABLE TO SLIGHTLY VARIABLE | SYNDESMOSES |
EXAMPLE OF SYNDESMOSES FIBROUS STRUCTURAL JOINT | CONNECTION BETWEEN THE TIBIA AND FIBULA, AND THE RADIUS AND ULNA |
THIS TYPE OF JOINT'S ARTICULATING BONES ARE UNITED BY CARTILAGE | CARTILAGINOUS JOINT |
THIS TYPE OF JOINT LACK A JOINT CAVITY | CARTILAGINOUS JOINT |
THE TWO TYPES OF CARTILAGINOUS JOINT ARE | SYNCHONDROSES AND SYMPHYSES |
CARTILAGINOUS JOINT IN WHICH A BAR OR PLATE OF HYALINE CARTILAGE UNITES THE BONES | SYNCHONDROSES |
CARTILAGINOUS JOINT IN WHICH ALL THEY ARE ALL SYNARTHROTIC | SYNCHONDROSES |
SOME EXAMPLES OF SYNCHONDROSES CARTILAGINOUS JOINT INCLUDE: | EPIPHYSEAL PLATES OF CHILDREN AND JOINT BETWEEN THE COSTAL CARTILAGE OF THE FIRST RIB AND THE STERNUM |
TYPE OF CARTILAGINOUS JOINT IN WHICH HYALINE CARTILAGE COVERS THE ARTICULATING SURFACE OF THE BONE AND IS FUSED TO AN INTERVENING PAD OF FIBROCARTILAGE | SYMPHYSES |
TYPE OF CARTILAGINOUS JOINT THAT IS AMPHIARTHROTIC JOINTS DESIGNED FOR STRENGTH AND FLEXIBILITY | SYMPHYSES |
EXAMPLES OF CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS INCLUDE | INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS AND THE PUBLIC SYMPHYSIS OF THE PELVIS |
TYPE OF JOINT IN WHICH THE ARTICULATING BONES ARE SEPARATED BY A FLUID-CONTAINING JOINT CAVITY | SYNOVIAL JOINT |
TYPE OF JOINT THAT IS FREELY MOVABLE | SYNOVIAL JOINT |
EXAMPLES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS: | ALL LIMB JOINTS, AND MOST JOINTS OF THE BODY |
SYNOVIAL JOINTS ALL HAVE THE FOLLOWING GENERAL STRUCTURE: | ARTICULAR CARTILAGE, JOINT (SYNOVIAL)CAVITY, ARTICULAR CAPSULE, SYNOVIAL FLUID, REINFORCING LIGAMENTS |
AN INFLAMMATION OF A BURSA, USUALLY CAUSED BY A BLOW OR FRICTION | BURSITIS |
SYMPTOMS OF BURSITITS: | PAIN AND SWELLING |
INFLAMMATION OF TENDON SHEATHS TYPICALLY CAUSED BY OVERUSE | TENDONITIS |
MOST COMMON TYPE OF CHRONIC ARTHRITIS | OSTEOARTHRITIS |
OFTEN CALLED THE "WEAR-AND-TEAR" ARTHRITIS | OSTEOARTHRITIS |
ARTHRITIS THAT IS CONSIDERED A NON-INFLAMMATORY CONDITION | OSTEOARTHRITIS |
ARTHRITIS THAT AFFECTS WOMEN MORE THAN MEN | OSTEOARTHRITIS |
85% OF ALL AMERICANS DEVELOP ___ | OSTEOARTHRITIS |
ARTHRITIS THAT IS MORE PREVALENT IN THE AGED, AND IS PROBABLY RELATED TO THE NORMAL AGING PROCESS | OSTEOARTHRITIS |
CHRONIC,INFLAMMATORY, AUTOIMMUNE DISEAE OF UNKNOWN CAUSE, WITH AN INSIDIOUS ONSET | RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS |
___ BEGINS WITH SYNOVITIS OF THE AFFECTED JOINT | RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS |
INFLAMMATORY CHEMCIALS ARE INAPPROPRIATELY RELEASED AND MIGRATE TO THE JOINT CAUSING SWELLING | RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS |
DEPOSITION OF URIC ACID CRYSTALS IN JOINTS AND SOFT TISSUES FOLLOW BY AN INFLAMMATION RESPONSE | GOUTY ARTHRITIS |
TYPICALLY AFFECTS THE JOINT AT THE BASE OF THE GREAT TOE | GOUTY ARTHRITIS |
AN ELABORATE, SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM THAT MOSTLY RUNS LOGITUDINALLY AND SURROUNDS EACH MYOFIBRIL | SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM |
FUCTIONS IN THE REGULATION OF INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM LEVELS | SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM |
THE SMALLEST CONTRACTILE UNIT OF A MUSCLE | SARCOMERES |
THICK FILAMENTS ARE COMPOSED THE ___ ___ | PROTEIN MYOSIN |
EACH MYOSIN MOLECULE HAS A ___ AND ___ ___ | ROD-LIKE TAIL AND TWO GOLBULAR HEAD |
THE THREE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEATHS ARE: | ENDOMYSIUM, PERIMYSIUM, EPIMYSIUM |
FINE SHEATH OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE COMPOSED OF RETICULAR FIBERS SURROUNDING EACH MUSCLE FIBER | ENDOMYSIUM |
FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT SURROUNDS GROUPS OF MUSCLE FIBERS CALLED FASCICLES | PERIMYSIUM |
AN OVERCOAT OF DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT SURROUNDS THE ENTIRE MUSCLE | EPIMYSIUM |
THIN FILAMENTS ARE CHIEFLY COMPOSED OF THE | PROTEIN ACTIN |
___ CONDUCT IMPULSES TO THE DEEPEST REGIONS OF THE MUSCLE | T-TUBULES |