Question | Answer |
the _________________system is a complex collection of hormones that coordinate many of the body's functions. | endocrine |
the endocrine system is composed of ____________ that produce endocrine secretions | glands |
endocrine secretions go directly into the _______________ | blood |
enodcrine secretions enter _________________ | body cavities |
endocrine secretions are _______________ | cellular signals |
hormones work by attaching to ____________ on target cells | receptors |
_______________carry chemicals that attach to receptors | ligands |
____________________transport certain hormones | carrier proteins |
_________________are cells that change in response to a signal | effectors |
enodcrine glands are _______________ | ductless |
________________have receptors that bind to specific endocrine secretions | target cells |
______________secretions target the cells that produce them | autocrine |
______________secretions target nearby cells | paracrine |
endocrine secretions usually target ____________ cells | distant |
most endocrine secretions control the body through ____________________ | negative feedback |
a ________________is any secretion that signals a cell to alter its metabolism | hormone |
chemicals that carry out the job of a hormone by turning on a cell response are called ______________ | agonists |
chemicals that carry out the job of a hormone by turning off a cell response are called _______________ | antagonists |
there are two types of hormones: ___________ and ______________ | peptide and lipid |
________________hormones are usually involved in rapid body changes | peptide |
________________ hormones play a role in body fluid control and sexual reproduction | Lipid |
there are _____distinct endocrine glands | 10 |
the ____________________, or hypophysis is known as the master gland | pituitary gland |
the pituitary gland is composed of ____________ and _______________ pituitaries | anterior and posterior |
chemicals called _________________, or _____________________are secretions of the hypothalamus, and they control the anterior pituitary gland. | releasers, or releasing hormones |
nerve cells from the ____________________ control the posterior pituitary | hypothalamus |
the pineal gland produces ________________ and ___________________ | melatonin and serotonin |
the adrenal gland is divided into an outer region called the _________________ and an inner part called the _____________________ | adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla |
the _________________gland helps control metabolic rate | thyroid |
the ___________________produces hormones and digestive enzymes | pancreas |
the _________cells of the pancreas produces insulin | beta |
the ___________cells of the pancreas produce glucagon | alpha |
the _________________gland produces secretions that stimulate the immune system | thymus |
the ______________produce hormones and gametes | gonads |
the female gonads, or ______________, produce estrogen and progesterone | ovaries |
the male gonads, or ______________, produce testosterone | testes |
most hormones ________________in amount as adults age. | decrease |
some individuals seek ______________________ in an attempt to counteract the effects of aging of the endocrine system | hormone replacement therapy |
the two types of human glands are _____________ and _____________. | endocrine, exocrine |
____________glands secrete chemicals into the blood | endocrine |
____________glands send secretions into ducts that enter body cavities | exocrine |
____________receptors are on the cell membrane | external |
____________receptors are in the cytoplasm or nucleus | internal |
the _____________________produces andrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone | anterior pituitary |
the hypothalamus produces neural secretions called __________that help regulate the anterior pituitary | releasers |
_____________ affects the female reproductive tract and has no know function in normal males | oxytocin |
the _____________gland produces melatonin and serotonin | pineal |
the ___________________ produces glucocorticosteroids that regulate metabolism and the minerocorticosteroids that regulate salt and water balance | adrenal cortex |
adrenalin is the major hormone produced by the ____________________. it controls the body's response to stress | adrenal medulla |
the main role of _______________is to regulate sodium and potassium levels in the blood | aldosterone |
the ______________gland produces thyroxine and calcitonin | thyroid |
________________from the thyroid gland lowers calcium in the blood. | calcitonin |
_______________hormone from the parathyroid glands raised blood calcium | parathyroid |
the _____________major role is to produce secretions that "educate" the immune system | thymus' |
_______________is the hormone from the thymus that stimulates the development of T cells | thymosin |
secretions that travel to nearby target cells are called: ________________ | paracrine |
cells that respond to hormones are called: ______________ | target cells |