Question | Answer |
The eye contains ___% of all sensory receptors | 70 |
This structure lines the eyelids (2 words) | Palpebral conjunctiva |
Lacrimal secretion | tears |
What do tears drain into? (2 words) | Nasolacrimal duct |
Tears, after entering the nasolacrimal duct, drain into the... | nose |
Fluids within the cavity of the eye are collectively refered to as... | humors |
Fibrous layer of eyes consists of the ___ and cornea | sclera |
Transparent anterior of fibrous layer of eye | cornea |
True or false? The cornea bends light entering the eye. | True |
Vascular layer | Uvea |
Three regions of uvea - choroid, ciliary body and ____. | iris |
Supplies blood to all layers of eyeball | choroid |
Ring of tissue surrounding lens, contains bundles of smooth muscle (2 words) | ciliary body |
Controls shape of the lens (2 words) | ciliary muscles |
Colored part of the eye | iris |
Pupil is dilated in ___ vision and dim light | distant |
Are dilated pupils small or large in diameter? | large |
True or false? Your pupils dilate when you like something. | True |
The sensory layer of the eye | Retina |
The pigmented layer of the retina ____ light | absorbs |
True or False? The outer layer of the retina is colorless. | False |
The neural layer of the retina contains... | photoreceptors |
The blind spot within the retina of the eye | optic disc |
The optic disc is the area of the retina that lacks... | photoreceptors |
Photoreceptors that provide fuzzy, non-color peripheral vision | rods |
Rods are sensitive to what kind of light? | dim |
True or False? Rods work best during the day. | False |
Where in the retina are cones concentrated? (2 words) | Fovea centralis |
Each cone has one of three pigments -- blue, green or ____. | red |
The posterior segment of the eye contains ___ humor | vitreous |
The anterior segment of the eye has how many chambers? | Two |
Aqueous humor is found in the ___ segment of the eye. | anterior |
A condition characterized by compression of the retina and optic nerve when aqueous humor drainage is blocked is called... | glaucoma |
Structure that changes shape to focus light on the retina | lens |
Clouding of the lens due to aging, smoking, etc. is called... | cataracts |
True or false? The lens is flexible. | True |
Bending of light ray when it passes from one transparent medium to another | refraction |
The lens shape when focusing for distant vision | flat |
The lens ___ when focusing for close vision | bulges |
This happens when the lens changes shape to focus on an image | accommodation |
nearsightedness | myopia |
focal point within eye when a person has myopia | in front of retina (longer than normal eyeball) |
focal point within eye when someone has hyperopia | behind retina (shorter than normal eyeball) |
farsightedness | hyperopia |
unequal curvatures in different parts of the cornea or lens causes this | astigmatism |
This happens when you move from darkness into bright light (2 words) | light adaptation |
Having two eyes provides ___ perception or 3D vision | depth |
Taste buds are found on the tops of ___.(2 words) | fungiform papillae |
Receptors that respond to chemicals in aqueous solution | chemoreceptors |
What is the organ of smell? (2 words) | olfactory epithelium |
Bundles of axons from olfactory receptor cells form what nerve? (2 words) | olfactory nerve |
Odorant are dissolved and then bind to ___ ___ in the olfactory membranes | receptor proteins |
This happens when Na+ and Ca2+ channels open and receptor membrane depolarizes | action potential |
Receptor organs for sense of taste | taste buds |
Papillae where taste buds are located -- fungiform, foliate, and ___. | circumvallate |
taste cells (2 words) | gustatory cells |
five basic taste sensations | sweet, sour, salt, bitter, umami |
True or False? A chemical can't be tasted unless it's dissolved in saliva. | True |
Binding of a food chemical to a taste cell causes the receptor to release a... | neurotransmitter |
Which nerves are involved in the gustatory pathway to the brain? | Cranial nerves VII and IX |
Impulses from the taste buds travel to the ___ ___ of the medulla | solitary nucleus |
What area of the brain provides an appreciation for taste? | limbic system |
Taste is ___% smell | 80 |
What types of receptors (other than chemoreceptors) are involved in appreciation of taste? (3 words) | thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, nociceptors |
Three parts of the ear (3 words) | external, middle, internal |
Parts of ear involved in hearing only (2 words) | external, middle |
Internal ear functions in hearing and... | equilibrium |
Anatomy of external ear includes the ___ and ___ | helix, lobule |
The tympanic membrane is commonly refered to as the... | eardrum |
The tympanic membrane transfers vibration from sounds to what structures? | bones of middle ear |
Middle ear bones (3 words) | malleus, incus, stapes |
Middle ear bones transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the... | oval window |
The cochlea contains the hearing organ, called the... | organ of Corti |
What structures in the spiral organ (of Corti) are stimulated by sound vibration? | stereocilia (hair cells) |
Stereocilia release ___ when they bend due to vibration | neurotransmitter |
Action potential firing (increases/decreases) in frequency when sound is loud | increases |
Equilibrium receptors are found in the semicircular canals and ____. | vestibule |
Static equilibrium is monitored by the ___ receptors | vestibular |
Semicircular canal receptors monitor ____ equilibrium | dynamic |
Sensory receptors for dynamic equilibrium are simulated by ____ movements | rotary |
Sensory receptors for dynamic equilibrium in the semicircular canals(2 words) | crista ampullaris |