| Question | Answer |
| peninsula | a body of land surrounded by water on three sides |
| fjord | a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea located between steep cliffs |
| plain | a large flat area of land that usually does not have many trees |
| city-state | a central city AND its surrounding villages |
| polis | the central city of a city-state |
| oligarchy | a government in which a few powerful individuals rule |
| philosopher | a person who studies and thinks about why the world is the way it is |
| republic | a form of government in which people rule through elected representatives |
| Senate | the assembly of elected representatives that was the most powerful ruling body of the Roman Republic |
| patrician | in ancient Rome, a member of a wealthy, landowning family that claimed to be able to trace its roots back to the founding of Rome |
| plebeian | a common citizen of ancient Rome |
| empire | a nation or group of territories ruled by an emperor |
| medieval | relating to the period of history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the modern world |
| feudalism | a political and economic system in which lords gave land to less powerful nobles, called vassals, in return for which the vassals agreed to provide various services to the lords |
| manorialism | a social system in which peasants worked on a lord's land and supplied him with food in exchange for his protection of them |
| guild | a business association created by people working in the same industry to protect their common interests and maintain standards within the industry |
