| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action |
| - Frontal belly | | | |
| - Posterior belly Galae aponeurotica (anteriorly) Occipital and temporal bones (posteriorly) Skin of eyebrows and root of nose (anteriorly) | | | |
| Galae aponeurotica | | | |
| (posteriorly) Elevates eyebrow, wrinkles forehead skin horizontally (frontalis); | | | |
| Fixes galae aponeurotica and pulls scalp posteriorly (occipitalis) | | | |
| Orbicularis oculi | | | |
| | | |
| Frontal and maxillary bones Tissue of eyelid Closes eye, draws eyebrows inferiorly | | | |
| Orbicularis oris | | | |
| | | |
| O. oris o. oris Constricts and protrudes lips | | | |
| Levator labii superioris | | | |
| Maxilla, zygomatic o. oris Elevate lip | | | |
| Depressor labii inferioris | | | |
| Mandible o. oris Depress lip | | | |
| Depressor anguli oris | | | |
| Mandible o. oris Depress corners of the mouth | | | |
| Levator anguli oris | | | |
| Maxilla o. oris Raise mouth corners | | | |
| *Buccinator | | | |
| Maxilla, mandible o. oris Tense cheek | | | |
| Risorius | | | |
| Masseter o. oris Pulls corners of the mouth back – grimace | | | |
| Zygomaticus | | | |
| Zygomatic bone o. oris Raise corners of the mouth “smiling muscle” | | | |
| *Note: This muscle is involved in both facial expression and mastication! | | | |
| | | |
| Muscles of mastication | | | |
| Origin Insertion Action | | | |
| Masseter | | | |
| | | |
| Zygomatic, temporal | | | |
| (zygomatic arch) Mandible Chewing (jaw closure) | | | |
| Temporalis | | | |
| | | |
| Temporal Coronoid process of the Mandible Chewing (jaw closure) | | | |
| Pterygoids (lateral and medial) | | | |
| Sphenoid, palatine, maxilla Mandible Chewing (closure, protrusion, and side to side motion of mandible) | | | |
| *Buccinator | | | |
| Maxilla, mandible o. oris Tense cheek | | | |
| Muscles of the neck | | | |
| Origin Insertion Action | | | |
| Platysma | | | |
| | | |
| Fascia of chest muscles Mandible Tense skin of the neck | | | |
| Sternocleidomastoid | | | |
| Sternum and Clavicle Mastoid process Flexes and laterally rotates the head | | | |
| Scalenes | | | |
| Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae Ribs 1 and 2 Elevates first two ribs; flex and rotates neck | | | |
| Splenius Capitus Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of cervical vertebrea Mastoid process and occipital bone Extend or hyperextend head | | | |
| Semispinalis capitis | | | |
| Cervical and thoracic vertebrae Occipital bone Extends skull | | | |
| Mylohyoid | | | |
| Mandible Hyoid bone Elevates hyoid & floor of the mouth | | | |
| Omohyoid | | | |
| Scapula Hyoid bone Depress and retracts hyoid | | | |
| Stylohyoid | | | |
| Styloid process of the temporal bone Hyoid bone Elevate and retracts hyoid | | | |
| Digastric | | | |
| Mandible, mastoid process of the temporalbone Hyoid bone Open mouth and depress mandible, steady hyoid during swallowing | | | |
| | | |
| Muscles of the Spine (page 338 text) | | | |
| Erector spinae Origin Insertion Action | | | |
| Iliocostalis Iliac crest; ribs Ribs; Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae Extend and laterally flex spine | | | |
| Longissimus | Transverse processes of Lumbar & thoracic vertebrae Transverse processes of Thoracic & cervical vertebrae; ribs; skull mastoid process | | |
| Spinalis | Spinous processes of Lumbar & thoracic vertebrae Spinous processes Thoracic & cervical vertebrae | | |
| Epicranius | | | |
