Question | Answer |
Articulation (joint) | point of contact between bones, cartilage and bone, or teeth and bones |
Arthology | the study of joints |
Arthritis | inflamation of a joint |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | primary symptom is synovitis |
Osteoarthritie | wear and tear on joint surfaces |
Gouty Arthritis | due to elevated uric acid concentrations |
Synarthroses | immovable joints |
Amphiarthroses | slightyly moveable joints |
Diarthroses | freely moveable joints |
Functional Method of Classification | based on the degree of movement permitted by the joints |
Structureal Method of Classification | based on the presence or absense of a space (synovial cavity) between bones and the kind of connective tissue that binds the bones together |
Fibrous Joints | sutures, syndesmosis, and gomphosis |
Sutures | located between the skull bones; interlocking and overlapping; synostoses; synarthrotic Names: coronal, squamosal, lambdoidal, and sagittal |
Synostoses | joints present during growth but replaced by bone in adult (ex: right and left halves of frontal bone |
Syndesmosis | bone surfaces are united by larger amound of fibrous connective tissue; not as tight as a suture; amphiarthrotic Ex: distal articulation of tibia with fibula; radioulnar interosseus membrane |
Gomphosis | cone shaped peg fits into a socket; synarthrotic Ex: roots of teeth in maxillae or mandible |
Cartilaginous Joints | no joint cavity; bones are connected by cartilage |
Synchondrosis | hyaline cartilage is the connecting material; synarthrotic most common at epiphyseal plate- in time it becomes a synostosis; located between first rib and manubrium |
Symphysis | fibrocartilage makes up connecting material; amphiarthrotic Ex: between vertebrae, at pubis Note: dentary bones fuse into the mandible and mental symphysis becomes a mental protuberance, a synostosis |
Synovial Joints | have a cavity, articular capsule unites bones; fibrous capsule-collagenous CT; some joints have menisci of fibrocartilage (shock absorbing); all are diarthrotic |
Gliding Joints | flat articular surfaces, one bone slides over the other in several directions Ex: carpals and tarsals; sternum-clavicle; superior and inerior articular processes of vertebrae |
Hinge Joints | convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of the other Ex: elbow; knee with patella (sesmoid bone) |
Pivot Joint | rounded, pointed or conical surface of one bone articulates with the shallow depression of another bone Ex: atlas-axis; proximal ends of radius and ulna |
Ellipsoidal/Condyloid Joint | oval shped condyle of one bone fits into the elliptical cavity of another bone Ex: metacarpal bone-proximal phalanx |
Saddle Joint | articular surfaces of both bones are saddle-shaped (concave in one direction and convex in the other) Ex: trapezium metacarpal of thumb |
Ball and Socket | ball like surface fits into cup like depression Ex: humerus with glenoid fossa of scapula; femur with acetabulum of coxal bone (ilium, ischium, and pubis) |