Question | Answer |
Protein fibers in connective types | 1) collagen fibers
2) reticular fibers
3) elastic fibers |
Ground substance | - made by the primary cell type of the tissue
- usually gel-like, but can be hard
- cushions, protects, reinforces body structures
- holds tissue fluid |
Collagen fibers | - strongest, resist tension |
Reticular fibers | - bundles of special type of collagen
- cover and support structures |
Elastic fibers | - contain elastin
- recoil after stretching |
Loose areolar connective tissue (structure and function) | - supports & binds other tissues
- holds body fluids
- defends against infection (important role in inflammation)
- stores nutrients as fat
- has all 3 fiber types |
Loose areolar connective tissue (location) | - widely distributed under epithelia
- forms lamina propria of mucous membranes
- packages organs
- surrounds capillaries |
Loose areolar connective tissue (composition) | Tissue fluid
- water fluid occupies extracellular matrix
- tissue fluid derives from blood
Ground Substance
- viscous, spongy part of extracellular matrix
- consists of sugars and proteins
- made and secreted by fibroblasts |
Loose adipose tissue (structure) | - nucleus pushed to one side
- richly vascularized
- closely packed adipocytes |
Loose adipose tissue (function) | - provides reserve food fuel
- insulates against heat loss
- supports and protects organs |
Loose adipose tissue (location) | - under the skin
- around kidneys
- behind eyeballs, within abdomen, in breasts
- hypodermis |
Loose reticular connective tissue (structure and function) | - fibers form a strong 3-D network that makes a soft internal skeleton (stroma) with spaces that support matrix and cells
- a network of only reticular fibers and loose ground substance |
Loose reticular connective tissue (location) | - lymph nodes
- bone marrow
- spleen |
Dense irregular connective tissue (structure and function) | - primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers
- some elastic fibers
- fibroblast is main cell type
- able to withstand tension exerted in many directions
- provides structural strength |
Dense irregular connective tissue (location) | - dermis of skin
- submucosa of digestive tract
- fibrous capsules of joints and organs |
Dense regular connective tissue (structure and function) | - primarily parallel collagen fibers, some elastic fibers
- fibroblasts are common cell type
- form fascia
- attach muscle to bone, bone to bone
- withstand great stress in one direction |
Fascia | - - layers of fibrous, dense, regular connective tissue that cover and separate muscles and other structures |
Dense regular connective tissue (location) | - tendons and ligaments
- aponeuroses
- fascia around muscles |
Aponeuroses | - sheetlike fibrous membranes that join muscle and the body parts the muscle acts upon |
Elastic connective tissue (structure and function) | - predominantly elastic fibers
- allow recoil after stretching
- maintain pulsatile flows of blood in arteries and recoil in lungs after breathing |
Elastic connective tissue (location) | - within walls of arteries
- surrounding bronchial tubes
- in certain ligaments |
Hyaline cartilage (structure) | - imperceptible collagen fibers
- amorphous but firm matrix
- chondroblasts produce matrix
- chondrocytes lie in lacunae |
Hyaline cartilage (function) | - support and reinforcement
- resilient cushion
- resists repetitive compressive stress |
Hyaline cartilage (location) | - embryonic/fetal skeleton
- ends of long bones
- in joint cavities
- costal cartilage of ribs
- cartilages of nose, trachea, larynx |
Elastic cartilage | - more elastic fibers than in hyaline cartilage
- maintains shape of structure
- allows great flexibility
- located in the external ear, epiglottis |
Fibrocartilage | - matrix less firm than hyaline cartilage
- thick collagen fibers predominate
- tensile strength and ability to absorb compressive shock
- located in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint |
Bone | - gel-like GS calcified with inorganic salts
- matrix contains many collagen fibers
- osteoblasts secrete collagen fibers and matrix
- osteocytes are mature bone cells: in lacunae |
Cutaneous membrane | - skin covering outer surface of body
- outer epithelium = thick epidermis
- inner CT = dense dermis
- dry membrane |
Mucous membrane | - lines hollow organs that open to surface of body
- wet and moist membranes
- consist of an epithelial sheet underlain with a layer of lamina propria |
Serous membrane | - simple squamous epithelium lying on areolar CT
- produces a slippery fluid
- lines closed cavities (pleural, peritoneal, pericardial cavities) |
Inflammation (symptoms) | - heat
- redness
- swelling
- pain
- nearby blood vessels are dilated by histamine |
Edema | - accumulation of fluid
- helps dilute toxins secreted by pathogen
- brings oxygen and nutrients from blood
- brings antibodies from blood to fight infection |
Stages of tissue repair | - Regeneration: replacement of destroyed tissue with same type of tissue
- Fibrosis: proliferation of scar tissue
- Organization: clot is replaced by granulation tissue |