Question | Answer |
What area of the body has a critical period of 3 weeks to term? | CNS |
What area of the body has a critical period of 3 weeks to 8 weeks? | Heart |
What area of the body has a critical period of 4 weeks to 8 weeks? | Upper and Lower Limbs |
What area of the body has a critical period of 4 weeks to 20 weeks? | Ear |
What area of the body has a critical period of 4 weeks to term? | Eyes |
What area of the body has a critical period of 6 weeks to 16 weeks? | Palate |
What area of the body has a critical period of 6 weeks to term? | Teeth |
What area of the body has a critical period of 7 weeks to term? | External Genitalia |
What are the 3 FDA guidelines | 1) Fertility and General Reproductive performance, 2) Teratological Study, 3) Perinatal and Postnatal studies. |
St. John's Wart causes? | Pregnancy, contradicts oral contraceptives |
SSRIs (prozac, zoloft, celexa, lexapro) cause? | Low risk of anything, may affect motor development. |
Paxil may cause? | Heart Defects |
Lithium may cause? | Ebstein's anomaly. |
Anticonvulsants may cause? | Malformations, OB complications, Hemorrhage, Developmental Delay. |
Aminopterne & Methotrexate may cause? | Mild MR, craniofacial anomalies |
ACE inhibitors may cause? | Renal problems, Renal tubular dysplasia, can lead to oligo and Potter's |
DES may cause? | From week 0 to week 20, Genital anomalies |
Misoprostol may cause? | From the 6th week to the 8th week, Limb reduction, Moebius sequence, CNS anomalies |
Accutane may cause? | From 15th day to 1st trimester, CNS, Ear, Heart |
Streptomycin may cause? | Perceptive hearing loss |
Tetracycline may cause? | After the 4th month, Defects in primary teeth. |
Thalidomide may cause? | 34-50 days after LMP, Phocomelia, Amelia |
Warfarin may cause? | 6th to 9th week, Seziures, hypoplasia of nose |
Retinoic Acid may cause? | 3rd through the 5th week, Crainofacial, Cleft palate, NTD, Heart |
Valporic Acid may cause? | Spinal Tube defects |
Alcohol may cause? | Miscarriage, FAS |
Tobacco may cause? | IUGR, Prematurity, stillbirth |
Cocaine may cause? | SIDS |
Methylmercury may cause? | CNS |
Rubella may cause? | Cataracts, Heart, deafness, MR |
CMV may cause? | Hepatosplenomegaly, Microcephaly, Cerebral calcification |
Herpes may cause? | IUGR, Microcephaly |
Varicella may cause? | 8th to 20th week exposure, Scarring, Limb hypoplasia, IUGR, |
5th disease/Parvovirus B-19 may cause? | Minimal Risk, Hydrops |
Toxoplasmosis may cause? | Hydrocephalus, Chorioretinitis, Hephatosplenomegaly, Deafness/blindess. |
Questions to ask the patient: | Do you drink, how much? Do you smoke, how much? Do you take any OTC drugs, which? Do you use any illegal substances, which? Have you had X-Rays since you've been pregnant? Are you epileptic? Do you have high blood pressure, take ACE inhibitors? |
What causes Cleft Lip/Palate? | Anti-seizure/anticonvulsant medications, acne medications containing Accutane, and methotrexate, Glucticosteriods |
What drugs can cause CHD? | Antipsychotic drugs, Anticonvulsants |
What drugs cause Meningomyelocele? | Anticonvulsants. |
How much Folic Acid should a pregnant women have in her diet? | 0.4mg daily |
How much Folic Acid should a pregnant women who already had a child with ONTD have in her diet? | 2-4mg daily. |