Question | Answer |
Urine - light yellow to amber | No disease |
Urine - Clear to light yellow | uncontrolled diabetes |
Urine - yellow orange to dark green | Bilirubin from obstructive jaundice |
Urine - Red to red brown | Hemoglobin in urine |
Urine - Smokey red | Unhemolyzed red blood cells from urinary tract |
Urine - Dark wine | Hemolytic jaundice |
Urine - Brown-Black | Melanin pigment from melanoma |
Urine - Brown | Anemia or liver infection |
Urine - Green | Bacterial infection |
Urine - Low pH < 4.5 | uncontrolled diabetes |
Urine - High pH > 8.0 | Severe anemia |
Urine - Low specific gravity < 1.010 | Severe renal damage |
Urine - High specific gravity > 1.025 | uncontrolled diabetes and severe anemia |
Urine - Glucose present | Uncontrolled diabetes |
Urine - Protein present | Severe anemia |
Blood - Erythrocytes | Transport O2 & CO2 |
Blood - Neutrophils | Phagocytize bacteria |
Blood - Eosinophil | Kills parasitic worms & plays role in allergy & asthma |
Blood - Basophil | Release histamine & other mediators of inflammation; contains heparin, an anti-coagulant |
Blood - Lymphocyte | Mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies |
Blood - Monocyte | Phagocytosis - develop into macrophages in tissues |
Blood - Platelets | Seals small tears in blood vessels & instrumental in clotting |
Anterior Pituitary - Basophils | Synthesize FSH, LH, TSH and ACTH |
Anterior Pituitary - Acidophils | Synthesize Prolactin & GH |
Pancreas - Islets - Alpha Cells | Produce Glucagon |
Pancreas - Islets - Beta Cells | Produce Insulin |
Pancreas - Acinar cells | Exocrine function |
Thyroid - Parafollicular cells | Calcitonin production |
Thyroid - Follicular cells | Secrete thyroglobulin to follicles |
Parathyroid - Chief cells | Closely spaced cells that synthesize PTH |