Question | Answer |
structural class. is based on the presense or absense of a ____ joint cavity and type of _____ tissue | synovial joint cavity; connecting tissue |
structurally, joints are classified as | fibrous, carilagious or synovial |
functional class. is based upon | movement |
immovable | synarthosis |
slightly movable | amphiarthrosis |
freely movable | diarthosis |
fibrous joints lack a | synovial cavity |
in fibrous joints bones are held closely together by | fibrous connective tissue |
Fibrous joints functional wise are? | little to no movement (syn or ampiarthosis) |
Fibrous has 3 structural types | -sutures (brain)- syndesmosis -gomphoses (jaw) |
thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites bones of the skull | sutures |
sutures are | immovable (syn) |
Fibrous joint; bones united by ligament | sydesmosis |
syndesmosis functional? | slightly movable (amphiarthrosis) |
example of syndesmosis | anterior tibiofubular joint; interosseous membrane |
ligament holds cone shaped peg in bony socket | gomphosis |
gomposis functional | slightly (amphi) |
Carilaginous joints lack | synovial cavity |
cartilaginous joints allow | little or no movement |
bones in cartiglinous joints are tightly connected by | fibrocartilage or hyaline |
synchondrosis (connecting material is hyaline)functional and exp. where found? | immovable (syn); epiphyseal plate or joints between ribs and sternum |
Symphysis (cart) what is connecting material | fibrocartilage |
functional of symphysis | slightly movable (ampi) |
ex. of symphysis | interveterbral disc and public symphysis |
synovial joints sep. | atriculating bones |
synovial joints are | freely (diarthosis) |
in synovial joints, articular cartilage reduces _____ and absorbs ______ | friction and absorbs |
in synovial joints, articular capsule surrounds ____ | joint |
in synovial joints the synovial membrane is the what | inner lining of capsule |
surrounds a diarthosis, encloses the synovial cavity, and unites the articulating bones | articular capsule |
articular capsule is composed to two layers- the outer firbous capsule which may contain what | liagaments |
the inner synovial membrane secretes | a lubricating and joint- noursihing synovial fluid |
the ____ of the fibrous capsule permits considerable movement at a joint, whereas its great ____ strength helps prevent bones from dislocating | flexablility; tensile |
brings nuturents to articular cartilage | synovial mem. |
extracapsular ligaments/ outside joint capsuleintracapsular ligaments/ wihin capsule | accessory ligaments |
attached around edges to capsule | articular discs or menisci |
menisci allows 2 bones of different shape to fit tightly | |
increase stablility of knee- torn cartilage | articular dics or menisci |
saclike structures between structures (skin/bone) (tendon/ bone) (lig/bone) | bursae |
fluid filled saclike extensions of the joint capsule | bursae |
reduce friction between moving structures(skin moves over bone) (tendons rub over bone) | bursae |
tubelike bursae that wrap around tendons at wrise and ankle where many tendons come together in a confined space | tendon sheaths |
chronic inflmamation of a bursa | bursitis |
___movements occur when a relatively flat bone surfaces move back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another | gliding |
gliding movements occur at | plantar joints |
there is an increase or decrase in the angle between articulating bones | angular movements |
results in decrease in the angle between artciulating bones | flexion |
results in increase in the angle between artciulating bones | extension |
contiunation of extension beyong the anatomical position and is usually prevented by the arrangement of ligaments and the anatomical alignment of bones | hyperexension |
occurs at ball n socket, condyloid, saddle joints | circumduction |
permit mainly side to side and back and forth gliding movements; nonaxial | planar |
in planar joitns bones are usually | are flat or slightly curved |
planar is side to side movement only. name an example. | intercarpal or intertarsal joints; sternovlavicular joints |
contains the convex surface of one bone fitting into a concave surface of another bone. movement is primarily flexion or extension in a single plane | hinge joint |
exp of hinge | knee, elbow, ankle |
opening the joint beyond the anatomical position | hyperextension |
a round or point surface of one bone fits into a ring formed by another bone and a ligament. | pivot joint |
in pivot joint movement is both | rotational and monaxial |
pivot joint is monoaxial since it allows only | rotation around longitudial axis |
exp of pivot joint | proximal radioular joint; atlanto- axial joint |
oval shaped condyle of one bone fits into and elliptical cavity of another bone. | condyloid joint |
movements of condyloid joint are | flexion extension, ab and add and circumduction |
ex of condyloid joint | metacarpophalangeal joint (first knuckle |
condyloid joint is bixal which means | flex/ extend or abduct or adduct is possible |
example of condyloid | carpal- metacarpal joint |
in saddle joint the _____ allows tip of thumb travel in circle | circumduction |
exmp. of saddle joint | trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of thumb |
the ball shaped surface of one bone fits into cuplike depression of another. | ball and socket |
movemtns of ball and socket include | flexion-extens. ab/ adduct rotation and ciurcumduction |
ball and socket is | multiaxal (flexion/extension)(ab/add) (rotation) |
only two ball and socket | shoulder/hip |
is a combineded hinge and planar joint formed by the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa | Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) |
movements of TMJ includes | opening/close; prot/retraction/ excursion of the jaw |
when TMJ is dislocated, what remains open | mouth |
TMJ has what kind of joint | synovial/ gliding and hinge |
rotator cuff injury and dislocation or separated shoulder are common injuries to what joint | shoulder |
articular capsule on shoulder joint extends from | glenoid cavity to anatomical neck |
in shoulder joint what deepens socket | glenoid labrum |
what holds biceps tendon in place | transverse humeral ligament |
attach humerus to scapular and encircle the joint supporting the capsule | rotator cuff muscles= SITS |
holds head of humerus in socket | rotator cuff muscle |
____ ___ ____ hols head of radius in place | radial annular lig. |
collateral ligaments maintain (in artciular capsule of elbow) | integrity of joint |
acetabular labrum is where? | lip on edge, seats head of femur |
what consists of 3 joints within a single synovial cavity | knee joint |
menisci has what type of cartilage? and what does it do | fibro; helps condyles line up and shock absorber |
torn cartilage refers to | menisci |
torn lig refers to | TCL |
rupture of TCL often accompanies, tear of _____ and ____ | ACL and medial meniscus |
____ is gliding joint between patella and femur | gliding |
___,____ and ____ of tibia on femur when knee is flexed | flexion, extens, slight rotation |