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Chap9 Joints
Joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| structural class. is based on the presense or absense of a ____ joint cavity and type of _____ tissue | synovial joint cavity; connecting tissue |
| structurally, joints are classified as | fibrous, carilagious or synovial |
| functional class. is based upon | movement |
| immovable | synarthosis |
| slightly movable | amphiarthrosis |
| freely movable | diarthosis |
| fibrous joints lack a | synovial cavity |
| in fibrous joints bones are held closely together by | fibrous connective tissue |
| Fibrous joints functional wise are? | little to no movement (syn or ampiarthosis) |
| Fibrous has 3 structural types | -sutures (brain)- syndesmosis -gomphoses (jaw) |
| thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites bones of the skull | sutures |
| sutures are | immovable (syn) |
| Fibrous joint; bones united by ligament | sydesmosis |
| syndesmosis functional? | slightly movable (amphiarthrosis) |
| example of syndesmosis | anterior tibiofubular joint; interosseous membrane |
| ligament holds cone shaped peg in bony socket | gomphosis |
| gomposis functional | slightly (amphi) |
| Carilaginous joints lack | synovial cavity |
| cartilaginous joints allow | little or no movement |
| bones in cartiglinous joints are tightly connected by | fibrocartilage or hyaline |
| synchondrosis (connecting material is hyaline)functional and exp. where found? | immovable (syn); epiphyseal plate or joints between ribs and sternum |
| Symphysis (cart) what is connecting material | fibrocartilage |
| functional of symphysis | slightly movable (ampi) |
| ex. of symphysis | interveterbral disc and public symphysis |
| synovial joints sep. | atriculating bones |
| synovial joints are | freely (diarthosis) |
| in synovial joints, articular cartilage reduces _____ and absorbs ______ | friction and absorbs |
| in synovial joints, articular capsule surrounds ____ | joint |
| in synovial joints the synovial membrane is the what | inner lining of capsule |
| surrounds a diarthosis, encloses the synovial cavity, and unites the articulating bones | articular capsule |
| articular capsule is composed to two layers- the outer firbous capsule which may contain what | liagaments |
| the inner synovial membrane secretes | a lubricating and joint- noursihing synovial fluid |
| the ____ of the fibrous capsule permits considerable movement at a joint, whereas its great ____ strength helps prevent bones from dislocating | flexablility; tensile |
| brings nuturents to articular cartilage | synovial mem. |
| extracapsular ligaments/ outside joint capsuleintracapsular ligaments/ wihin capsule | accessory ligaments |
| attached around edges to capsule | articular discs or menisci |
| menisci allows 2 bones of different shape to fit tightly | |
| increase stablility of knee- torn cartilage | articular dics or menisci |
| saclike structures between structures (skin/bone) (tendon/ bone) (lig/bone) | bursae |
| fluid filled saclike extensions of the joint capsule | bursae |
| reduce friction between moving structures(skin moves over bone) (tendons rub over bone) | bursae |
| tubelike bursae that wrap around tendons at wrise and ankle where many tendons come together in a confined space | tendon sheaths |
| chronic inflmamation of a bursa | bursitis |
| ___movements occur when a relatively flat bone surfaces move back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another | gliding |
| gliding movements occur at | plantar joints |
| there is an increase or decrase in the angle between articulating bones | angular movements |
| results in decrease in the angle between artciulating bones | flexion |
| results in increase in the angle between artciulating bones | extension |
| contiunation of extension beyong the anatomical position and is usually prevented by the arrangement of ligaments and the anatomical alignment of bones | hyperexension |
| occurs at ball n socket, condyloid, saddle joints | circumduction |
| permit mainly side to side and back and forth gliding movements; nonaxial | planar |
| in planar joitns bones are usually | are flat or slightly curved |
| planar is side to side movement only. name an example. | intercarpal or intertarsal joints; sternovlavicular joints |
| contains the convex surface of one bone fitting into a concave surface of another bone. movement is primarily flexion or extension in a single plane | hinge joint |
| exp of hinge | knee, elbow, ankle |
| opening the joint beyond the anatomical position | hyperextension |
| a round or point surface of one bone fits into a ring formed by another bone and a ligament. | pivot joint |
| in pivot joint movement is both | rotational and monaxial |
| pivot joint is monoaxial since it allows only | rotation around longitudial axis |
| exp of pivot joint | proximal radioular joint; atlanto- axial joint |
| oval shaped condyle of one bone fits into and elliptical cavity of another bone. | condyloid joint |
| movements of condyloid joint are | flexion extension, ab and add and circumduction |
| ex of condyloid joint | metacarpophalangeal joint (first knuckle |
| condyloid joint is bixal which means | flex/ extend or abduct or adduct is possible |
| example of condyloid | carpal- metacarpal joint |
| in saddle joint the _____ allows tip of thumb travel in circle | circumduction |
| exmp. of saddle joint | trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of thumb |
| the ball shaped surface of one bone fits into cuplike depression of another. | ball and socket |
| movemtns of ball and socket include | flexion-extens. ab/ adduct rotation and ciurcumduction |
| ball and socket is | multiaxal (flexion/extension)(ab/add) (rotation) |
| only two ball and socket | shoulder/hip |
| is a combineded hinge and planar joint formed by the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa | Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) |
| movements of TMJ includes | opening/close; prot/retraction/ excursion of the jaw |
| when TMJ is dislocated, what remains open | mouth |
| TMJ has what kind of joint | synovial/ gliding and hinge |
| rotator cuff injury and dislocation or separated shoulder are common injuries to what joint | shoulder |
| articular capsule on shoulder joint extends from | glenoid cavity to anatomical neck |
| in shoulder joint what deepens socket | glenoid labrum |
| what holds biceps tendon in place | transverse humeral ligament |
| attach humerus to scapular and encircle the joint supporting the capsule | rotator cuff muscles= SITS |
| holds head of humerus in socket | rotator cuff muscle |
| ____ ___ ____ hols head of radius in place | radial annular lig. |
| collateral ligaments maintain (in artciular capsule of elbow) | integrity of joint |
| acetabular labrum is where? | lip on edge, seats head of femur |
| what consists of 3 joints within a single synovial cavity | knee joint |
| menisci has what type of cartilage? and what does it do | fibro; helps condyles line up and shock absorber |
| torn cartilage refers to | menisci |
| torn lig refers to | TCL |
| rupture of TCL often accompanies, tear of _____ and ____ | ACL and medial meniscus |
| ____ is gliding joint between patella and femur | gliding |
| ___,____ and ____ of tibia on femur when knee is flexed | flexion, extens, slight rotation |
Created by:
Mollie28
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