| Question | Answer |
| Osteprogenitor cells | undifferentiated cells
becomes osteoblasts
only mitotic cells of bone
found in periosteum and endosteum |
| Osteoblast cells | form true bone cells |
| osteocytes | true bone cells |
| osteoclast cells | tear down bone (destroy)
secrete acid that leaches out of the minerals from bone (osteolysis) |
| Metaphysis | between epiphysis and diaphysis |
| Diaphysis | shaft of the bone |
| epiphysis | ends of the bone |
| outer periosteum | protection, repair, growth, nutrition, place for attachment
fibrous CT, nerves, BVs, lymphnodes |
| inner periosteum | bone building layer
elastic fibers, BVs, osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| endosteum | CT, primary osteoclasts some blasts |
| Compact bone | concentric circle formation
thicker in diaphysis, dense, few spaces, overlays spongey, protection, support, resistant to stress |
| spongey bone | "cancellous bone" |
| ossification | making of osseous tissue (spongey and compact)
intramembranous= fibrous tissue becomes bone
endochondrial ossification=cartilage model overtime cells replaced by bone |
| trabecula | bony strusts |
| epiphyseal plate | found in metaphysis area
region where bone increase in length |
| Zone of proriferating cartilage | cells increase in # and stack on eachother |
| Zone of reserve cartilage | chondrocytes are small, hooks epi plate to epiphysis |
| zone of hypertrophic cartilage | chondrocytes mature; large cells; matrix starts to calcify; these cells will die |
| zone of calcified matrix | dead cells; osteoblasts and capillaries from diaphysis invade the layer and bone formed here |
| long bone | greater length than width, marrow cavity present
i.e. femur, phalanges, humerus |
| short bone | cube shaped, length=width
i.e. carpals, tarsals |
| flat bone | parallel layers of compact bone with spongey
i.e. cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapula |
| irregular bone | varied amounts of both spongey and compact bone, irregular shape
i.e. facial bones, vertebrae |
| Wormian Bone | sutural bones of cranium; small clusters of bones in cranial suture |
| sesamoid bones | small bones form in tendons where pressure is great
i.e. wrist # varies person to person, patella same for all |
| axial skeleton | 80 bones found in body's midline
i.e. ribs, sternum, cranium/skull, vert. column |
| appendicular skeleton | 126 bones including appendages and girdles |
| coronal suture | frontal and parietal |
| sagittal suture | parietal bones (2) |
| Lambdoidal suture | occipital and parietal |
| squamosal suture | parietal and temporal |
| fontanels | little fountains
soft spots in baby's skull
hasn't yet turned to bone at birth |
| antifontanel | diamond shaped, closes 18-24 mos. |
| posterior fontanel | diamond shaped
b/w parietal and occipital bones
smaller, fuses earlier by 2 mos. |
| frontal bones | forehead, anterior cranium, parts of orbits, ant. cranial floor, |
| superciliary arches | swelling that form deep to eyebrows
"brow ridges" |
| supraorbital ridge | most sup. border of orbit |
| frontal sinuses | deep to superciliary arches |
| supraorbital foramen | in or immed. sup. to the supraorbital margins |
| Parietal Bone | sides and sup. part of cranium
houses BVs and nerves |
| Temporal Bone | inferior, lateral of cranium |
| temporal squama | superior border of temporal bone
thin, flattened rim |
| zygomatic process (of temp. bone) | articulates with the temporal process of the zygo. bone to form zygo. arch |
| Petrus portion | inferior part of temporal bone
includes inner ear, middle ear, carotid foramen, and jugular foramen |
| mandibular fossa | depression close to zygo process receives condylar process of mandible TM joint |
| styloid process | projects interioraly (temporal bone)
muscle & ligament attachment reponsible for tongue and neck movement |
| mastiod process | process located in mastoid portion |
| sphenoid bone | "batwing bone"
articulates with all other cranila bones, base of middle part of skull |
