Question | Answer |
abdominal cavity | contains stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, appendix, and some of the large intestines. |
anatomical position | body standing erect, face foward, arms at side, palms forward. |
anatomy | study of structure of an organism |
anterior | front or ventral |
caudal | tail end of the body |
coronal plane | plane that cuts body into front and back sections |
cranial | head |
cranial cavity | posterior cavity containing the brain |
deep (internal) | inside the body |
distal | away from the origin |
dorsal | pertaining to the back |
dorsal cavity | posterior of the body which houses the brain and spinal column |
epigastric | upper region abdominal cavity |
hypochondriac | region on either side of the epigastric |
hypogastric | below the stomach region |
iliac | region located on either side of the hypogastric |
inferior | below |
lateral | to the side |
lumbar | region of the lower back |
medial | near the midline |
mid-sagittal plane | imaginary line dividing the body into equal left and right halves |
pelvic cavity | cavity containing the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, part of the large intestine, and the appendix |
planes | imaginary anatomical dividing lines of the body |
physiology | science that studies functions of living organisms and their parts |
posterior | opposite to anterior -back side |
proximal | close to the point trunk of the body |
sagittal plane | longitudinal plane dividing the body into right and left |
transverse | dividing the body into upper and lower halves |
umbilical | region surrounding the belly button |
ventral | front or anterior |
adipose | fatty or fat-like |
cartilage | nonvascular connective tissue |
cicatrix | scar tissue |
connective tissue | cells whose intracelllular secretions support and connect organs and tissues of the body |
epithelial tissue | covers bodys internal and external surface |
mucous membrane | layers of tissue that lubricate and protect linings of respitory, digestive, reproductive and urinary system |
parietal | lining of a body cavity |
pericardial membrane | around the heart |
peritoneal | lines the abdominal organs |
pleural membrane | serous membrane protecting the lungs and lining the internal surface of the thoracic cavity |
serous membrane | double walled membrane produces serous fluid |
visceral | relating to an organ |
arrector pili | muscles attached to hair follicle |
melanocytes | cells that produce melanin |
hair follicle | small tube where hair growth occurs |
sebum | secretion of sebaceous glands |
sudoriferous gland | sweat gland |
keratin | protein substance found in hair, nails, outer skin cells |
stratum germinativum | the innermost of the epithelial cells of the epidermis |
medulla | the inner portions of the hair |
melanin | brown skin pigment |
dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
alopecia | hair loss |
urticaria or hives | an allergic or hypersensitivity response characterized by raised red lesions |
dermis | layer of skin composed of dense fibrous connected tissue; called the "true skin" |
epidermis | outermost layer of the skin; "false skin", avascular |
shingles | viral infection that affects the skin of a single dermatome. AKA Herpes Zoster. very painful. |
impetigo | a bacterial skin infection that occurs most often in children. Yellow crusts appear. |
eczema | inflammatory skin condition associated with a variety of diseases and characterized by erythema (redness), papules, vesicles, and crusts |
adipose | fat tissue |
papillae | small, nipple-shaped elevations |
stratum corneum | the tough outer layer of the epidermis |
psoriasis | chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by cutaneous inflammation and slilvery plaques or scales |
melanoma | a malignant cancer of the pigment-producing cells of the skin |
wart | a raised bump that is a benign tumor of the skin caused by viruses |
tumor | the growth of tissues in which cell proliferation is uncontrolled and progressive |
sebaceous gland | oil-producing glands |
subcutaneous | tissue below the layers of skin |
Rule of Nines | The method used to determine the extent of a burn injury |
pustule | small, raised skin lesion filled with pus |
papule | a raised, firm skin lesion less than 1 cm in diameter |
excoriation | skin lesion in which epidermis has been removed, as in a scratch wound |
Acne Vulgaris | inflammatory skin condition affecting sebaceous gland ducts |
albinism | condition characterized by a lack of melanin |
joint | the points of contact between two bones.Three main types -diarthroses(movable), amphiarthroses(partially movable), and synathroses(immovable). |
abduction | movement away from midline or axis of body; opposite of adduction. |
adduction | movement of part of body or limb toward the midline of body; opposite of abduction. |
appendicular skeleton | part of skeleton consisting of shoulder and pelvic girdles,arms and legs. |
axial skeleton | skeleton of head and trunk. |
ball and socket joint | diarthroses joint allows the greatest freedom of movement. |
medullary canal | located in the center of diaphysis, filled with yellow bone marrow, mostly made of fat cells. |
ossification | the process when mineral matters starts to replace previously formed cartilage, creating bones. |
bursa sacs | small sac that cushion joints |
circumduction | circular movement at a joint. |
osteocyte | a mature bone cell. |
periosteum | a tough fibrous tissue which contatins blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves that covers the outside of the bone. |
diaphysis | shaft of long bone. |
endosteum | lining of the medullary cavity in the long bone. |
epiphysis | the end of the long bone. |
extension | act of increasing the angle between two bones. |
flexion | the act of bending a limb or decreasing the angle between two bones. |
pronation | the forearm turns the hand so the palm is downward or backward. |
rotation | movement allows a bone to move around one central axis. |
spongy bone | porous bone, found in epiphysis |
supination | the palm is forward or upward (lying on back) |
fontanel | unossified areas in the infant skull; soft spot. |
arthritis | inflammation of the joint. |
suture | immovable joint in cranial cavity. |
bursitis | inflammation of a bursa. |
dislocation | displacement of one or more bones of a joint or organ from original position. |
gliding joint | nearly flat surfaces glide across each other, as inthe vertebrae of the spine. these joints enable the torso to bend forward, backward, and sideways, as well as rotate |
hinge joints | move in one direction or plane, as in the knees,elbows, and outer joints of the fingers. |
pivot joints | joints with an extension rotation in a second, arch-shaped bone. Ex. radius and ulna |
synovial fluid | secreted by synovial membrane, lubricating substance. |
gout | increase in uric acid crystals in bloodstream which are deposited in joint cavities, especially the grat toe. |
kyphosis | hunchback, exagerated curvature in thoracic vertebrae. |
lordosis | swayback,forward curvature of lumbar region of spine. |
osteoporosis | loss of calcium in bone, causing brittienes, occurs mainly in females after menopause |
osteomyelitis | inflammmation of the bone |
osteosarcoma | bone cancer. |
whiplash | trauma to cervical vertebra. |
sprain | wrenching of a joint, producing a stretching or tearing of ligaments. |
spiral fracture | broken bone by twisting, common sport injury. |
simple fracture | closed fracture. when the bone is broken, but the broken ends do not pierce through the skin forming an external wound. |
compound fracture(open) | bone fragments pierce skin |
greenstick fracture | found in children |
comminuted fracture | bones broken into many pieces |
scoliosis | side to side or lateral curvature of the sping |
rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disease of joints 3x more common in women |
osteoarthritis | degenerative joint disease |
rickets | affects children - lack of vitamin D, may cause bowlegs and pigeon breast. Prevented by Vitamin D and sunshine |
open reduction | surgically reducing a fx using plates, wires or screws |
closed reduction | cast and or splint keep realigned bone in place |
antagonist | muscle whose action oppose the action of another muscle |
muscle fatigue | caused by an accumalation of lactic acid in the muscle |
muscle tone | muscles are always in a state of partial contraction |
neuromuscular junction | point between the motor nerve axon and the muscle cell membrane |
origin | the part of the skeletal muscle which is attached to the fixed part of the bone |
oxygen debt | increased respirations to counter lactic acid build-up in muscles |
prime mover | muscle which provides movement in a single direction |
skeletal muscle | muscle attached to a bone(s) and concerned in body movements - Voluntary Muscle |
smooth muscle | non-striated, involuntary muscle |
sphincter | circular muscle |
synaptic cleft | space between axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another |
voluntary | under control of will - Skeletal Muscle |
atrophy | wasting away of tissue |
contractures | tightening or shortening of the muscle |
cumulative trauma disorders | joint problems from repetitive movements |
flat feet | talipes |
ergonomics | the application of biology and engineering to the relationship between worker and their environment |
hernia | protrusion of a loop of an organ through an abnormal opening |
hypertrophy | an increase in the size of the muscle cell |
intramuscular injection | an injection into the muscle usually deltoid or gluteus |
muscular dystrophy | muscle disease in which the muscle cells deteriorate |
myalgia | muscle pain |
myasthenia gravis | disease in which there is abnormal weakness and eventual paralysis of muscles |
rotator cuff disease | an inflamation of a group of tendons that fuse together and surround the shoulder joint |
shin splint | injury to a muscle tendon in front of the shins |
spasm | sudden, painful, involuntary muscle contractions |
strain | tear in a muscle or stress |
tendinitis | inflamation of the fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones |
tennis elbow | inflamation of the tendon which connects the arm muscles to the elbow |
tetanus | infectious disease, usually fatal, characterized by spasms of voluntary muscles and convulsions caused by toxin from tetanus bacillus |
torticollis | a contracted state of the neck muscles producing an unnatural position of the head |
excitability | irritability |
extensibility | ability to be stretched |
contractibility | ability to shorten (the ability of muscle tissue to shorten) |
elasticity | ability of muscle to return to its original length (and to its original shape when relaxed) |
insertion | muscle is attached to moveable part of a bone |
agranulocyte | a nongranular white blood cell |
albumin | plasma protein |
anitbody | inactivates specific foreign substances |
antigen | substance stimulated antibodies aganist itself |
basophil | leukocyte cell that shows an attraction for basic dyes |
coagulation | process of blood clotting |
diapedesis | passage of blood cells through vessel walls into tissues |
eosinophil | white blood cell whose granules stain red with acid dyes |
erythrocyte | red blood cell |
erythropoiesis | formation or development of red blood cell |
fibrin | insoluble protein used for blood clotting |
fibrinogen | protein that is converted into fibrin by thrombin |
granulocyte | granular white blood cell |
hemoglobin | oxygen carrying pigment of the blood |
hemolysis | the bursting of red blood cell |
heparin | substance obtained from liver, which slows blood clotting |
inflammation | pain, red, heat, and swelling occur |
leukocyte | white blood cell |
monocyte | large mononuclear leukocyte |
neutrophil | sometimes called "polys" |
abscess | pus filled cavity |
anemia | blood disorder characterized by reduction in red blood cells or hemoglobin |
aplastic anemia | anemia caused by a supression of the bone marrow |
Cooley's anemia | anemia caused by defect in hemoglobin |
edema | excess of fluid in the tissues |
embolism | obstruction of a blood vessel by a circulated blood clot, fat globule air bubble or piece of tissue |
erythroblastosis fetalis | hemolidic disease of a newborn |
hematoma | localized clotted mass of blood formed in an organ tissue or space |
hemophilia | sex linked hereditary bleeding disorder in males but transmitted through females characterized by a prolonged clotting time in abnormal bleeding |
iron-deficiency anemia | condition resulting from lack of iron in the body |
luekemia | a cancerous condition in which there is a great increase in the number of blood cells |
luekocytes | increase of white blood cell count |
luekopenia | decrease in the number of white blood cells |
pernicious anemia | caused by decrease of B12 or the lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach |
polycythemia | too many red blood cells |
pus | polup of inflammation |
pyrexia | fever |
RHO gam | specific preperation of immune globulin given |
septicemia | presents of pathogenic organisms in the blood |
Sickle Cell Anemia | blood disorder that causes the red bloods cells to be sickle shaped which causes them to clot together |
thrombocytopenia | decrease in the number of platelets |
thrombosis | formation of the blood clot in a vessel |
thrombus | blood clot formed in a blood vessel |
universal donor | type O blood |
universal recipient | invidual belonging to AB blood group |
oxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin combined with oxygen |
pathogenic | disease causing |
phagocytosis | ingestion of foreign particles or other substances by certain cells |
plasma | liquid part of blood containing corpusles |
prothrombin | a globulin that helps blood to coagulate |
Rh factor | antigen found in red blood cells |
thrombin | enzyme found in the blood produced from an inactive precursor |
thrombocyte | platelet necessary for blood clotting |
thromboplastin | substance secreted by platelets when tissues are injured |
aorta | body's biggest artery |
apex | tip of the heart |
arterioles | small branch of artery |
artery | vessel that carries blood away from heart |
atrium | top chambers of the heart |
AV node | small mass of interwoven conducting tissue |
SA node | impulse that makes the atrium contract |
bicuspid | valve between the left atrium and ventricle |
brachial | pulse found in the arm |
Bundle of HIS | Conductive tissue found in the septum |
capillaries | place where 02 and CO2 exchange |
carotid | the artery that brings blood to the brain |
coronary artery | artery that supplies the heart oxygen |
diastolic | the rest peiod between systoles |
endocardium | inner layer of the heart |
femoral | pulse found in the groin |
inferior vena cava | vein that brings blood into heart from lower side of the body |
jugular | main artery of the neck |
lub dubb | the sound the heart makes when it contracts |
myocardium | muscle layer of the heart |
pacemaker | SA Node |
pedal | pulse taken under the foot |
pericardium | outer layer of the heart |
popliteal | pulse taken behind the knee |
pulmonary artery | artery that brings blood from the right ventricle to the lungs |
pulmonary circulation | circulation between the heart and lungs |
pulmonary vavle | valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
pulse sites | places where the pulses are found |
purkinje fibers | fibers that cause the ventricles to contract |
radial | pulse in the wrist |
acquired immunity | immunity as a result of exposure to a disease |
adenoids | pair of glands composed of lymphoid tissue found in nasopharynx |
active immunity | two types- natural and artificial acquired immunity |
allergen | substance that causes an allergic reaction |
anaphylaxis | severe and sometimes fatal allergic reaction |
immunization | process of increaseing resistance to disease |
interstitial fluid | tissue fluid |
tonsils | mass of lymph tissue in back of the throat; produces lymphocytes |
lymph | watery fluid in the lymphatic vessels |
lymph nodes | tiny oval shaped structures in a stationary collection found all over the body |
lymph vessels | tubes that transport lymph from tissues to the circulatory ssystem |
passive immunity | borrowed immunity, has a temporary effect ie. gamma globulin |
spleen | lymph organ situated below and behind the stomach |
standard precautions | guidelines to be used during patient care and cleaning |
T-lymphocytes | a type of white blood cell found in the thymus gland |
Thoracic duct | left lymphatic duct; the largest lymph vessel in the body |
Thymus | endocrine gland located under the sternum, produced t-lymphocytes |
adenitis | inflammation of a gland |
ARC | AIDS related complex |
ELISA test | enzyme linked immunosorbent; AIDS antibody indicator |
Hodgkin's disease | specific type of cancer of the lymph nodes |
Hypersensitivity | abnormal response to drug or allergens |
Lymphadentitis | inflammation of the lymph glands |
Lymphoma | cancer-causing tumors in the brain |
Mononucleosis | kissing disease |
opportunistic infection | an infection which may occur because a person's immune system malfunctions |
| |
alveoli | air cells found in the lung |
anterior nares | external portion of the nostril |
bronchi | two tubes separated from trachea;rigt is shorter and wider |
bronchioles | one of the smal subdivisions of a bronchus |
cilia | entraps and prevent the entery of the larger dirt particles |
diffusion | molecules move from the higher concentration to the lower concentration |
epiglottis | flap of cartilage lying behind te tongue and in front of the enterance to the larynx |
external respiration | breathing; exchange of the xygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and the body and the outside enviroment |
internal respiration | includes the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the cells and the lymph surrounding them |
larynx | voice box |
apnea | temporary stoppage of breathing movements |
COPD | Chronic lung condition such as emphysema or bronchitis |
dyspnea | labored breathing or difficult breathing |
eupnea | normal or easy breathing with usual quiet inhalations and exhalations |
medulla oblongata | part of the brainstem, contains the nuclei for vital functions |
nasal septum | partition between the two nasal cavities |
pharynx | throat |
pleura | pleural membrane; serous membran protecting the lungs and lining the internal surface of thoracic cavity |
pleural fluid | normal watery body fluid wuthin the pleural space |
sinuses | recessed cavity or hollow space |
surfactant | surface-active agent |
trachea | a thin walled tube between the larynx and the bronchi; conducts air to the lungs |
orthopnea | difficult or labored breathing, must sit up straight to breathe |
tachypnea | abnormally rapid rate of breathing |
tidal volume | the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath |
total lung capacity | includes tidal volume, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, and residual air |
URI | Upper Respiratory Infection |
epistaxis | nosebleed |
absorption | passage of a substance into body fluids and tissues |
alimentary canal | the entire digestive tube from mouth to anus |
amylase | an enzyme that converts starch or glycogen to glucose |
anus | the outlet from rectum |
bile | substance produced by the liver,emulsifies fat, stored in gall bladder |
bolus | round mass of food prepared by mouth |
cardiac sphincter | circular muscle fibers around opening of esophogus into stomach |
cecum | pouch at the proximal end of the large intestine |
chyme | food which has undergone gastric digestion semi- liquid food |
colon | known as the large intestine. 5 ft in length. divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon. |
defecation | elimination of waste material from the rectum |
digestion | complex process of the breaking down of food to be utilized by the body |
duodenum | first part of the small intestine beginning at pylorus. |
emulsified | in digestion, when bile breaks up fat. |
Enzyme | Organic catalyst that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction |
esophagus | a muscular tube; takes food from pharynx to the stomach |
feces | waste material from the digestive system |
flatulence | the presence of excessive gas in the digestive tract |
gallbladder | a small pear-shaped organ under the right lobe of the liver; it stores bile |
gingiva | gums |
glycogen | polysaccharide formed and stored largely in the liver |
jejunum | section of small intestine between duodenum and ileum |
liver | large organ of the digestive system, located in upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity |
mastication | process of chewing |
pancreas | organ of digestion lies behind the stomach, produces digestive juices, insulin, and glucagon |
Parotid Salivary Gland | Largest of the salivary glands. Where you get mumps. |
peristalsis | progressive wave of contraction in tubular structures provided with longitudinal and transverse muscular fibers, as in esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines |
ptyalin | found in saliva; it converts starches into simple sugars |
Pyloric Sphincter | Valve that regulates entrance of food from the stomach to the duodenum |
rectum | portion of the colon that opens into the anus |
rugae | wrinkles or folds |
stomach | a major organ of digestion; a pouch-like structure located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity, between the esophagus and the duodenum |
uvula | projection hanging from soft palate, in back of throat |
appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
caries | decay of tooth or bone |
cholecystectomy | removal of the gallbladder |
cholecystitits | inflammation of the gallbladder |
cirrhosis | chronic, progressive inflammatory disease of the liver characterized by the formation of fibrous connective tissue, usually involves alcohol usage |
colostomy | artificial opening from the colon onto the surface of the skin |
constipation | difficulty or lack of defecation |
diarrhea | excessive elimination of watery feces |
diverticulosis | numerous diverticula in the colon |
diverticulitis | inflammation of the wall of the colon |
gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
gastroenteritis | inflammation of stomach and small intestines |
gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
heartburn | a burning sensation in the esophagus and stomach |
hemoccult | hidden blood |
jaundice | yellow Color |
pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
peritonitis | inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity |
pyloric stenosis | narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, affects infants |
ulcer, gastric | open sore in stomoach lining, caused by H. pylori |
aldosterone | hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, regulates salt and water balance in the kidney |
bowman's capsule | double-walled capsule around the glomerulus of nephron |
calyces | cup-shaped parts of the renal pelvis |
collecting tubules | structure in nephron which collects urine from distal convoluted tubule |
cortex | outer part of the kidney |
Distal Convoluted Tubule | Tubular process that ascends to the cortex from the loop of Henle |
excretion | removing nitrogenous wastes, certain salts and excess water from blood |
filtrate | plasmalike fluid filtered from the blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule |
filtration | movement of water and particles across a semipermeable membrane by a mechanical force such as blood pressure |
glomerulus | part of the nephron, tuft of capillaries situated within Bowman's capsule |
hilum | indentation along the medial border of the kidney, contains blood vessels |
kidneys | organs of the urinary system that functions to rid the body of the nitrogenous wastes |
Loop of Henle | Proximal convulted tubule descends into the medulla forming the loop of Henle |
medulla | inner portion of the kidney |
nephron | unit of structure of kidney, contains glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal distal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule |
Proximal Convoluted Tubule | Twisted tubular branch off the Bowman's capsule |
renal calculi | clumping together of calcium phosphate crystals, uric acid, and other substances in the kidneys |
renin | enzyme produced by Kidney |
retroperitoneal | located behind peritoneum |
secretion | transports substances from blood into collecting tubules. electrolytes |
urinanalysis | the chemical analysis of urine |
ureters | the long narrow tubes that convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
urethra | the tube that takes urine from the bladder to the outside of the body |
urinary bladder | a muscular membrane-lined sac situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity and used to hold urine |
urinary meatus | the opening to the urethra |
ADH | Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, which prevents or suppresses urine excretion |
Acute Kidney Failure | Sudden loss of kidney function |
anuria | absence of urine |
Chronic Renal Failure | Gradual loss of function of the nephrons |
cystitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder |
dialysis | selective diffusion through a semipermeable membrane- used to treat kidney failure |
diuretic | drug to reduce the amount of fluid in the body |
dysuria | painful urination |
glycosuria | sugar in the urine |
hematuria | blood in the urine |
hemodialysis | a procedure for removing waste products in the circulating blood of patients with kidney failure |
hydronephrosis | renal pelvis and calyces become distended due to the accumulation of fluid |
incontinence | loss of self-control, especially of urine, feces |
lithotripsy | a procedure used to reduce kidney stones to sand to enable them to pass through the urinary tract |
nocturia | excessive urination during the night |
oliguria | diminished production of urine |
peritoneal dialysis | filtering of the client's blood through the client's own peritoneal lining |
polyuria | excessive urination |
pyelonephritis | inflammation of the kidneys and the pelvis of the ureter |
renal calculi | kidney stones -Clumping together of calcium phosphate crystals, uric acid, and other substances in the kidneys |
uremia | the presence of urea and excess waste products in the blood |
urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
urinalysis | the chemical analysis of urine |
endocrine gland | "ductless" gland; many made of glandular epithelium whose cells maufacture and secrete hormones |
hormones | substance secreted by an endocrine gland into the bloodstream that acts on a specific target tissue to produce a given response |
target cell | cell that when acted on by a particular hormone responds becuase it has receptors to which hormones can bind |
Location of Hypothalamus | cranial cavity |
Location of Pituitary | cranial cavity |
Location of pineal | cranial cavity |
Location of thyroid | neck |
Location of parathyroid | neck |
Location of Thymus | mediastinum |
Location adrenal glands | abdominal cavity (retroperitoneal) |
Location of pancreatic islets | abdominal cavity (pancreas) |
Location of ovaries | pelvic cavity |
secretes melatonin | pineal gland |
excess of GH in adults | acromegaly |
lack of this element may contribute to goiter | iodine |
SAD | Seasonal affective disorder "winter blues" |
Secretes Growth Hormone | Anerior Pituitary |
gland with a duct (lacrimal, sudoriferous) | exocrine |
secretes ADH and Oxytocin | posterior pituitary |
graves disease | hyperthyroidism |
bulging of the eyeballs associated with hyperthyroidism | exopthalmus |
goiter | enlargement of thyroid gland |
gland is part of endocrine and digestive system | pancreas |
gland is both an endocrine gland and a lymphatic organ | thymus |
regulates metabolism | thyroid gland (T3 and T4 hormones) |
secretes calcitonin | thyroid |
secretes TSH and ACTH | anterior pituitary |
Face becomes swollen, lethargy, memory problems | myxedema |
cretinism | hypothyroidism in children |
myxedema | hypothyroidism in adults |
polyuria,polydypsia, polyphagia | symptoms of diabetes |
type 1 diabetes | insulin dependant, childhood |
type 2 diabetes | adult onset, usually |
nervous, trembling, sweating | symptoms of hypoglycemia |
drowsy, fruity breath | symptoms of hyperglycemia |
gigantism | hypersecretion of GH in preadolescrnt |
dwarfism | hypofunction of pituitary gland in childhood |