| Question | Answer |
| Scientific Revolution | A process that established a new view of the universe. Not "new science" but a reexamining of old science |
| On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres | Nicolaus Copernicus |
| The Ptolemaic System | Combination of mathmatical astronomy of Ptolemy and physical cosmetology of Aristotle. Geocentric |
| The Ptolemaic Model | A planet moved uniformly around a small circle (epicycle), and the center of the epicycle moved uniformally around a larger circle (deferent), with Earth at or near the center |
| Copernicus's Universe | Heliocentric. Still had epicycles but they were smalller. |
| Tycho Brahe | Mercury and Venus circle sun and sun, moon, and other planets orbit earth. Produced accurate data by using tools. |
| Johannes Kepler | Brahe's assisstant. Took possession of Brahe's data. Heliocentric model, but abandoned circular components of Copernicus's model, especially epicycles. Discovered elliptical path of planets |
| The New Astronomy | Johannes Kepler |
| Galileo Galilei | Found new evidence supporting Copernicus |
| Starry Messenger | Galileo |
| Letters on Sunspots | Galileo |
| Isaac Newton | The Laws of Gravitation |
| Principia Mathematica | Isaac Newton |
| Mechanism | Sought to explain the world in terms of mechanical mataphors |
| Empiricism | Experimentation in science |
| The Empirical Method | Francis Bacon |
| The Advancement of Learning | Francis Bacon |
| Novum Organum | Bacon |
| The New Atlantis | Bacon |
| Rene Descartes | Invented analytic geometry and deduction. |
| Discourse on Method | Rene Descartes |
| Scientific Induction | Scientists draw generalizations derived from and test hypotheses against empirical observations. |
| Thomas Hobbes | Humans are evil and seek only to serve themselves. Absolute rule. |
| Leviathan | Hobbes |
| John Locke | Moderate liberty and toleration. |
| First and Second Treatise of Government | Locke |
| Letter Concerning Toleration | Locke |
| Essay Concerning Human Understanding | Locke |
| Margaret Cavendish | Woman natural philosopher and writer. 1st and only woman to be allowed to visit a meeting of the Royal Society of London in the 17th century. |
| Maria Winkelmann | Worked with her husband, discovered a comet. |
| Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy | Cavendish |
| Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World | Cavendish |
| Newtonianism for Ladies | Francesco Algarotti |
| Emilie du Chatelet | Aided Voltaire in his book on Newtonian science |
| Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems | Galileo- the book that led to his arrest |
| Blais Pascal | Tried to reconcile faith and new science |
| Pensees (Thoughts) | Pascal |
| Physico-theology | The religious thought associated with deducing of religious conclusions from nature |
| Baroque | Covered natural objests in a surrealisic way. |
| Michelangelo Caravaggio | Devoted to picturing sharp contrasts between dark and light. |
| Louis LeNain | Painted peasants |
| Gian Lorenzo Bernini | St. Peter's Basilica |
| Peter Paul Rubens | Leading Baroque religious painter |
| Versailles | Interior covered with Baroque art |
