Term | Definition |
hematocrit | percent of whole blood that is made up of RBC |
erthrocytes/hemoglobin | carry oxygen to tissues |
throbocytes | play an important role in hemostasis |
embolus | blocks the flow of blood through a blood vessel |
leukocytes | eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes |
red bone marrow | blood cells are formed here |
hemorrhage | significant loss of blood |
ABO blood grouping | proper blood matching to ensure gglutination and hemolysis do not occur |
lymph | fluid that is filtered through the lymph nodes |
integumentary system | 1st line of defense |
inflammation | red, swollen, hot, pain are all signs. 2nd line of defense |
abscess | localized sealed pocket of pus |
immune defense organ systems | lymphatic, integumentary, skeletal |
pertistalsis | moves flood along the digestive tract |
smooth muscles | digestive tract is made up of these muscles |
duodenum | part of intestine that connects to the stomach |
common bile duct | bile travels to the duodenum via this structure |
gallbladder | stores bile |
function of the liver | makes bile, stores iron |
pancreas | has both endocrine and exocrine funcions |
carbohydrates | provide the most readily available energy source from food |
cornea | window of the eye, clear portion of the sclera |
lens | affected by cataracts |
chalazion | cyst-like nodule due to blocked oil gland |
lacrimal apparatus | produce tears |
accommodation | lens changes shape to provide sharp focus |
diabetic retinopathy | leading cause of blindness |
otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear |
conductive deafness | obstruction in the external auditory meatus and a build up of cerumen |
eustachian tube | connects middle ear to throat |
inner ear | responsible for maintaining equilibrium |
vertigo and tinnitus | dizziness and ringing in the ears |
anosmia | loss of ability to taste |
hematopoiesis | formation of blood cellular components that occurs in the bone |
axial skeleton | skull and spinal column(vertebrae) |
pelvic girdle | ilium, ishium, sacrum, coccyx |
bone types | spongy and compact |
tendons | connect muscle to bones |
voluntary controlled muscle | skeletal |
cardiac muscle | only found in the heart |
leg muscles | quadriceps, hamstrings, soleus |
sympathetic nervous system | fight or flight |
myelin sheath | white covering formed by glia cells that cover axons |
brain stem | midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
corpus callosum | communication between the two cerebral cortex hemispheres occurs here |
cerebullum | controls coordination and balance |
cerebrum | responsible for emotions, intellect, and memory |
parts of the neuron | axon, dendrite, nucleus |
synapse | connection between two neurons |
meningitis | inflammation of the meninges caused by virus or bacteria |
ischemic stroke | blood supply to the brain is suddenly interrupted by an occlusion |
organs that regulate blood glucose | kidneys, liver, pancreas |
thymus gland | part of the immune system and endocrine system |
graves disease | abnormal levels of thyroxine |
hormones that maintain homeostasis of blood calcium | calcitonin and parathyroid hormone |
cushing sysndrome | disorder of the adrenal gland |
alzheimers disease | neurodegenerative disease that destroys brain cells affecting memory |
susceptibilty | lack of resistance |
pathogen | microorganism that causes disease. bacteria, virus |
edema | swelling of tissue due to accumulation of fluid |
non-specific resistance | born with it, immediate but general protection, 1st line of defense, doesn't recognized pathogens |
specific resistance | acquired/adaptive 3rd line of defense. developed for each type of invader |
specific immune response | eg. lymphocytes, antibodies, macrophages |
2nd line of defense | inflammatory response, fever, phagocytic and natural killer cells |
bursitis | inflammation of the bursa |
gouty arthritis | excessive amount of uric acid in blood causing uratre crystals to be deposited in joints |
herniated discs | rupture of the invertral disk causing pressure on spinal nerve roots |
kyphosis | abnormal condition of a hump of the thoracic spine |
lordosis | abnormal condition of bending forward of the lumbar spine |
muscular dystropy | hereditary disease that causes degeneration of the muscle causing weakness |
myasthenia gravis | chronic. characterized by muscle weakness. thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle |
osteoporosis | abnormal loss of bone density |
rheumatoid arthritis | chronic systemic disease. autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue-affects synovial joints |
scoliosis | abnormal condition of a curved spine |
tendonitits | inflammation of the tendons |
fractures | closed(simple), open(compound) |
comminuted | many fragments (older people) |
compression | crushed |
depressed | pressed inward (skull) |
impacted | forced into each other |
spiral | ragged (sports) |
greenstick | incomplete break (children) |
antigen | substance that triggers an immune response when introdued to the body |
antibody | substance produced that inactivates/destroys antigens(invaders) |
cervical vertebrae | C1-C7 |
thoracic vertebrae | T1-T12 |
lumbar veterbrae | |
sacrum | S1-S5 |
C1 | Atlas - holds head |
C2 | Axis - pivot |
appendicular skeleton | extremities |
small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
large intestine | cecum, ascending , transverse, descending, sigmoid , rectum |
neurotransmitters | epinephrine, endorphins, serotonine |
meninges | protect the brain and spinal cord |
CNS | brain and spinal cord |
cerebral structures | frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital |
PNS (peripheral) | spinal, cranial, and sciatic nerves |
2 divisions of the PNS | somatic and autonomic |
2 divisions of the autonomic system | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
FUNCTION OF THE AUTONOMIC SYSTEM | controls smooth and cardiac muscles |