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Final Exam
Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hematocrit | percent of whole blood that is made up of RBC |
| erthrocytes/hemoglobin | carry oxygen to tissues |
| throbocytes | play an important role in hemostasis |
| embolus | blocks the flow of blood through a blood vessel |
| leukocytes | eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes |
| red bone marrow | blood cells are formed here |
| hemorrhage | significant loss of blood |
| ABO blood grouping | proper blood matching to ensure gglutination and hemolysis do not occur |
| lymph | fluid that is filtered through the lymph nodes |
| integumentary system | 1st line of defense |
| inflammation | red, swollen, hot, pain are all signs. 2nd line of defense |
| abscess | localized sealed pocket of pus |
| immune defense organ systems | lymphatic, integumentary, skeletal |
| pertistalsis | moves flood along the digestive tract |
| smooth muscles | digestive tract is made up of these muscles |
| duodenum | part of intestine that connects to the stomach |
| common bile duct | bile travels to the duodenum via this structure |
| gallbladder | stores bile |
| function of the liver | makes bile, stores iron |
| pancreas | has both endocrine and exocrine funcions |
| carbohydrates | provide the most readily available energy source from food |
| cornea | window of the eye, clear portion of the sclera |
| lens | affected by cataracts |
| chalazion | cyst-like nodule due to blocked oil gland |
| lacrimal apparatus | produce tears |
| accommodation | lens changes shape to provide sharp focus |
| diabetic retinopathy | leading cause of blindness |
| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear |
| conductive deafness | obstruction in the external auditory meatus and a build up of cerumen |
| eustachian tube | connects middle ear to throat |
| inner ear | responsible for maintaining equilibrium |
| vertigo and tinnitus | dizziness and ringing in the ears |
| anosmia | loss of ability to taste |
| hematopoiesis | formation of blood cellular components that occurs in the bone |
| axial skeleton | skull and spinal column(vertebrae) |
| pelvic girdle | ilium, ishium, sacrum, coccyx |
| bone types | spongy and compact |
| tendons | connect muscle to bones |
| voluntary controlled muscle | skeletal |
| cardiac muscle | only found in the heart |
| leg muscles | quadriceps, hamstrings, soleus |
| sympathetic nervous system | fight or flight |
| myelin sheath | white covering formed by glia cells that cover axons |
| brain stem | midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
| corpus callosum | communication between the two cerebral cortex hemispheres occurs here |
| cerebullum | controls coordination and balance |
| cerebrum | responsible for emotions, intellect, and memory |
| parts of the neuron | axon, dendrite, nucleus |
| synapse | connection between two neurons |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges caused by virus or bacteria |
| ischemic stroke | blood supply to the brain is suddenly interrupted by an occlusion |
| organs that regulate blood glucose | kidneys, liver, pancreas |
| thymus gland | part of the immune system and endocrine system |
| graves disease | abnormal levels of thyroxine |
| hormones that maintain homeostasis of blood calcium | calcitonin and parathyroid hormone |
| cushing sysndrome | disorder of the adrenal gland |
| alzheimers disease | neurodegenerative disease that destroys brain cells affecting memory |
| susceptibilty | lack of resistance |
| pathogen | microorganism that causes disease. bacteria, virus |
| edema | swelling of tissue due to accumulation of fluid |
| non-specific resistance | born with it, immediate but general protection, 1st line of defense, doesn't recognized pathogens |
| specific resistance | acquired/adaptive 3rd line of defense. developed for each type of invader |
| specific immune response | eg. lymphocytes, antibodies, macrophages |
| 2nd line of defense | inflammatory response, fever, phagocytic and natural killer cells |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa |
| gouty arthritis | excessive amount of uric acid in blood causing uratre crystals to be deposited in joints |
| herniated discs | rupture of the invertral disk causing pressure on spinal nerve roots |
| kyphosis | abnormal condition of a hump of the thoracic spine |
| lordosis | abnormal condition of bending forward of the lumbar spine |
| muscular dystropy | hereditary disease that causes degeneration of the muscle causing weakness |
| myasthenia gravis | chronic. characterized by muscle weakness. thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle |
| osteoporosis | abnormal loss of bone density |
| rheumatoid arthritis | chronic systemic disease. autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue-affects synovial joints |
| scoliosis | abnormal condition of a curved spine |
| tendonitits | inflammation of the tendons |
| fractures | closed(simple), open(compound) |
| comminuted | many fragments (older people) |
| compression | crushed |
| depressed | pressed inward (skull) |
| impacted | forced into each other |
| spiral | ragged (sports) |
| greenstick | incomplete break (children) |
| antigen | substance that triggers an immune response when introdued to the body |
| antibody | substance produced that inactivates/destroys antigens(invaders) |
| cervical vertebrae | C1-C7 |
| thoracic vertebrae | T1-T12 |
| lumbar veterbrae | |
| sacrum | S1-S5 |
| C1 | Atlas - holds head |
| C2 | Axis - pivot |
| appendicular skeleton | extremities |
| small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| large intestine | cecum, ascending , transverse, descending, sigmoid , rectum |
| neurotransmitters | epinephrine, endorphins, serotonine |
| meninges | protect the brain and spinal cord |
| CNS | brain and spinal cord |
| cerebral structures | frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital |
| PNS (peripheral) | spinal, cranial, and sciatic nerves |
| 2 divisions of the PNS | somatic and autonomic |
| 2 divisions of the autonomic system | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| FUNCTION OF THE AUTONOMIC SYSTEM | controls smooth and cardiac muscles |
Created by:
rharding
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