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Hormones

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Created by: sherickp

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MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS & HORMONES

Question	Answer
Thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine and triiodothyronine	Nature of hormone-iodinated amino acid. Source gland-thyroid. Controls BMR, physical growth, mental faculties, metabolism of proteins, fat and carbohydrate.
Calcitonin or thyrocalcitonin	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-thyroid. Checks concentration of calcium in blood plasma.
Parathormone	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-parathyroid. Maintains optimum level of calcium in the blood by mobilizing it from bones.
Thymosin	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland- thymus. Accelerates lymphocyte formation, resistance to infection, attainment of sexual maturity.
Mineralocorticoids example aldosterone	Nature of hormone-steroids. Source gland-adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa). Electrolyte and water balance in blood.
Glucocorticoids example cortisol	Nature of hormones-steroids. Source gland- adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata). Gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, proteolysis anti-inflammatory and anti allergic, vasoconstrictive in case of excessive bleeding.
Sex corticoids	Nature of hormone-steroids. Source gland-adrenal cortex (zona reticularis). Development and maintenance of secondary six characters in males and females.
Adrenaline or epinephrine	Nature of hormone-amino acid derivative. Source gland-adrenal medulla. For meeting emergency conditions as in cold injury pain emotional stress, anger etc Vasodilator in brain, cardiac muscles and liver.Vasoconstrictor in skin, visceral organs and spleen.
Noradrenaline or norepinephrine	Nature of hormone-amino acid derivative. Source gland-adrenal medulla. Functions are as same as adrenaline.
Thyrotropin releasing hormone	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Stimulate pituitary to secrete thyrotropin.
Adrenocorticotrophin releasing hormone	Nature of hormones-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Stimulate pituitary to secrete adrenocorticotrophin.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Stimulates pituitary to release FSH and LH.
Somatotropin releasing hormone or growth hormone releasing hormone	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Stimulates pituitary to release growth hormone.
Somatostatin or growth hormone inhibiting hormone	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Inhibits secretion of growth hormone.
Prolactin inhibiting hormone	Nature of hormone-dopamine. Source gland hypothalamus. Inhibits synthesis of prolactin.
Melanocyte stimulating hormone releasing hormone	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Induces intermediate lobe of pituitary to secrete MSH.
Melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibiting hormone	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Inhibits secretion of MSH.
Thyroid stimulating hormone	Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland-anterior pituitary. Controls structure, functioning of thyroid gland and release of thyroid hormones.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-anterior pituitary. Structure, functioning of adrenal cortex and secretion of corticoids.
Growth hormone	Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland -anterior pituitary. Helps in body growth.
Follicle stimulating hormone	Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland-anterior pituitary. Spermatogenesis in males and secretion of oestrogen from ovaries in female.
Luteinizing hormone	Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland -anterior pituitary. Ovulation in females and release of androgens in males.
Melanocyte stimulating hormone	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-middle pituitary. Synthesis of melanin pigment.
Oxytocin	Nature of hormones-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Contraction of smooth muscles during childbirth and milk ejection.
Vasopressin or ADH	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Reabsorption of water from nephric filtrate.
Melatonin	Nature of hormone-Amine. Source gland-pineal. Coloration, antigonadotrophin.
Erythropoietin	Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland-kidney. Erythrocyte production.
Renin	Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland- kidney. Changes angiotensinogen of liver into angiotensin which stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.
Glucagon	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-pancreas (alpha cells). Glycogenolysis, amino acids deamination and gluconeogenesis.
Insulin	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-pancreas (beta cells). Glycogenesis, promotes glucose uptake by cells and Protein synthesis.
Somatostatin	Nature of hormone-polypeptide. Source gland-pancreas (delta cells). Inhibits release of growth hormone insulin and glucagon.
Testosterone	Nature of hormone-steroid. Source gland-adrenal cortex and testis. Development of secondary or accessory sexual characters in males.
Oestrogen	Nature of hormone-steroid. Source gland-ovaries. Development of female sexual characters.
Progesterone	Nature of hormone-steroid. Source gland-ovaries (Corpus luteum). Implantation hormone, development of placenta and maintenance of pregnancy.
Atrial natriuretic factor	Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-heart. Maintains blood volume and blood pressure by excreting out extra water and ion.
Angiotensinogen	Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland- liver. Change to angiotensin that stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.
Gastrin	Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland-stomach. Stimulate secretion of gastric juice.
Secretin	Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland- dudenum and jejunum. Stimulate secretion of water and bicarbonate ions in pancreatic juice.
Cholecystokinin	Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland-intestine. Stimulates flow of pancreatic enzyme and contraction of gallbladder.
Prolactin releasing hormone	Source gland-hypothalamus. Stimulates prolactin release.
Prolactin	Source gland-pituitary gland. Stimulates production and secretion of milk.
Interstitial cell stimulating hormone.	Source gland pituitary. Secretion of testosterone.