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Hormones
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine and triiodothyronine | Nature of hormone-iodinated amino acid. Source gland-thyroid. Controls BMR, physical growth, mental faculties, metabolism of proteins, fat and carbohydrate. |
Calcitonin or thyrocalcitonin | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-thyroid. Checks concentration of calcium in blood plasma. |
Parathormone | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-parathyroid. Maintains optimum level of calcium in the blood by mobilizing it from bones. |
Thymosin | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland- thymus. Accelerates lymphocyte formation, resistance to infection, attainment of sexual maturity. |
Mineralocorticoids example aldosterone | Nature of hormone-steroids. Source gland-adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa). Electrolyte and water balance in blood. |
Glucocorticoids example cortisol | Nature of hormones-steroids. Source gland- adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata). Gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, proteolysis anti-inflammatory and anti allergic, vasoconstrictive in case of excessive bleeding. |
Sex corticoids | Nature of hormone-steroids. Source gland-adrenal cortex (zona reticularis). Development and maintenance of secondary six characters in males and females. |
Adrenaline or epinephrine | Nature of hormone-amino acid derivative. Source gland-adrenal medulla. For meeting emergency conditions as in cold injury pain emotional stress, anger etc Vasodilator in brain, cardiac muscles and liver.Vasoconstrictor in skin, visceral organs and spleen. |
Noradrenaline or norepinephrine | Nature of hormone-amino acid derivative. Source gland-adrenal medulla. Functions are as same as adrenaline. |
Thyrotropin releasing hormone | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Stimulate pituitary to secrete thyrotropin. |
Adrenocorticotrophin releasing hormone | Nature of hormones-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Stimulate pituitary to secrete adrenocorticotrophin. |
Gonadotropin releasing hormone | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Stimulates pituitary to release FSH and LH. |
Somatotropin releasing hormone or growth hormone releasing hormone | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Stimulates pituitary to release growth hormone. |
Somatostatin or growth hormone inhibiting hormone | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Inhibits secretion of growth hormone. |
Prolactin inhibiting hormone | Nature of hormone-dopamine. Source gland hypothalamus. Inhibits synthesis of prolactin. |
Melanocyte stimulating hormone releasing hormone | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Induces intermediate lobe of pituitary to secrete MSH. |
Melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibiting hormone | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Inhibits secretion of MSH. |
Thyroid stimulating hormone | Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland-anterior pituitary. Controls structure, functioning of thyroid gland and release of thyroid hormones. |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-anterior pituitary. Structure, functioning of adrenal cortex and secretion of corticoids. |
Growth hormone | Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland -anterior pituitary. Helps in body growth. |
Follicle stimulating hormone | Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland-anterior pituitary. Spermatogenesis in males and secretion of oestrogen from ovaries in female. |
Luteinizing hormone | Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland -anterior pituitary. Ovulation in females and release of androgens in males. |
Melanocyte stimulating hormone | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-middle pituitary. Synthesis of melanin pigment. |
Oxytocin | Nature of hormones-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Contraction of smooth muscles during childbirth and milk ejection. |
Vasopressin or ADH | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-hypothalamus. Reabsorption of water from nephric filtrate. |
Melatonin | Nature of hormone-Amine. Source gland-pineal. Coloration, antigonadotrophin. |
Erythropoietin | Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland-kidney. Erythrocyte production. |
Renin | Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland- kidney. Changes angiotensinogen of liver into angiotensin which stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. |
Glucagon | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-pancreas (alpha cells). Glycogenolysis, amino acids deamination and gluconeogenesis. |
Insulin | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-pancreas (beta cells). Glycogenesis, promotes glucose uptake by cells and Protein synthesis. |
Somatostatin | Nature of hormone-polypeptide. Source gland-pancreas (delta cells). Inhibits release of growth hormone insulin and glucagon. |
Testosterone | Nature of hormone-steroid. Source gland-adrenal cortex and testis. Development of secondary or accessory sexual characters in males. |
Oestrogen | Nature of hormone-steroid. Source gland-ovaries. Development of female sexual characters. |
Progesterone | Nature of hormone-steroid. Source gland-ovaries (Corpus luteum). Implantation hormone, development of placenta and maintenance of pregnancy. |
Atrial natriuretic factor | Nature of hormone-peptide. Source gland-heart. Maintains blood volume and blood pressure by excreting out extra water and ion. |
Angiotensinogen | Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland- liver. Change to angiotensin that stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. |
Gastrin | Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland-stomach. Stimulate secretion of gastric juice. |
Secretin | Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland- dudenum and jejunum. Stimulate secretion of water and bicarbonate ions in pancreatic juice. |
Cholecystokinin | Nature of hormone-protein. Source gland-intestine. Stimulates flow of pancreatic enzyme and contraction of gallbladder. |
Prolactin releasing hormone | Source gland-hypothalamus. Stimulates prolactin release. |
Prolactin | Source gland-pituitary gland. Stimulates production and secretion of milk. |
Interstitial cell stimulating hormone. | Source gland pituitary. Secretion of testosterone. |