Question | Answer |
Ambien, Ambien CR Generic | Zolpidem tartrate |
Ambien, Ambien CR Drug Class | Hypnotic |
Ambien, Ambien CR Use | Insomnia |
Antivert Generic | Meclizine HCl |
Antivert Drug Class | Antivertigo |
Antivert Use | vertigo & motion sickness |
Bactrim Generic | Sulfamethoxazole & Trimethoprim |
Bactrim Drug Class | Sulfonamide antibacterial |
Bactrim Use | Infection |
Bentyl Generic | Dicyclomine HCl |
Bentyl Drug Class | Anticholinergic, Antispasmodic |
Bentyl Use | functional & irritable bowel syndrome |
Biaxin Generic | Clarithromycin |
Biaxin Drug Class | Macrolide antibiotic |
Biaxin Use | Infections |
Cipro Generic | Ciprofloxacin |
Cipro Drug Class | Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic |
Cipro Use | Infection |
Cleocin Generic | Clindamycin HCl |
Cleocin Drug Class | Antibiotic |
Cleocin Use | Infection |
Cymbalta Generic | Duloxetine HCl |
Cymbalta Drug Class | Antidepressant |
Cymbalta Use | Depression, diabetic peripheral neuropathy |
Desyrel Generic | Trazodone HCl |
Desyrel Drug Class | Antidepressant |
Desyrel Use | Depression w/ or w/out anxiety |
Diflucan Generic | Fluconazole |
Diflucan Drug Class | Antifungal |
Diflucan Use | Candidiasis |
Dilantin Generic | Phenytoin sodium |
Dilantin Drug Class | Antiepileptic |
Dilantin Use | Seizures |
Lomotil Generic | Diphenoxylate HCl/ atropine |
Lomotil Drug Class | Antidiarrheal |
Lomotil Use | Diarrhea |
Abdomin/o, Celi/o, Lapar/o | Abdomen |
An/o | Anus |
Appendic/o | Appendix |
Bil/i, Chol/e | Bile |
Bucc/o | Cheek |
Cheil/o | Lip |
Col/o, Colon/o | Colon |
Cyst/o | Bladder or sac |
Dent/i | Teeth |
Doch/o | Duct |
Duoden/o | Duodenum |
Enter/o | Small intestine |
Esophag/o | Esophagus |
Gastr/o | Stomach |
Gingiv/o | Gum |
Gloss/o, Lingu/o | Tongue |
Hepat/o, Hepatic/o | Liver |
Herni/o | Hernia |
Ile/o | Ileum |
Inguin/o | Groin |
Jejun/o | Jejunum (empty) |
Lith/o | Stone |
Or/o, Stomat/o | Mouth |
Pancreat/o | Pancreas |
Peritone/o | Peritoneum |
Phag/o | Eat or swallow |
Proct/o | Anus & rectum |
Pylor/o | Pylorus (gatekeeper) |
Rect/o | Rectum |
Sial/o | Saliva |
Sigmoid/o | Sigmoid colon (resembles s) |
Steat/o | Fat |
-emesis | vomiting |
Oral cavity, mouth | receives food for digestion |
Salivary glands | Exocrine glands in mouth, Secrete saliva; Parotid, submandibular (submaxillary) , sublingual |
Cheeks | Lateral walls of the mouth |
Lips | Fleshy structures surrounding mouth |
Palate | Roof of mouth, Hard & soft palate |
Uvula | Projection hanging from back middle of soft palate |
Tongue | Muscular structure on floor of mouth, Covered by mucous membrane, Held down by frenulum |
Gums | Tissue covering jaw processes |
Teeth | Bony projections in jaws for chewing |
Pharynx | Throat; Food to esophagus; Air to larynx |
Esophagus | Moves food from pharynx to stomach |
Stomach | Chemically mixes & prepares food received from esophagus |
Cardiac sphincter | Opening from esophagus to stomach |
Pyloric sphincter | Opening from stomach to duodenum |
Small intestine | Digests food received from stomach; Duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
Duodenum | 1st portion of small intestine |
Jejunum | 2nd portion of small intestine |
Ileum | 3rd portion of small intestine |
Large intestine | Receives liquid waste products of digestion; Reabsorbs water & minerals; Forms & stores feces for defecation; Cecum, appendix, colon, rectum |
Cecum | 1st part of large intestine |
Vermiform, appendix | Wormlike projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off cecum |
Colon | Portions of large intestine extending from cecum to rectum; Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon |
Ascending colon | Extends upward from cecum |
Transverse colon | Extends across from the ascending colon |
Descending colon | Extends down from transverse colon |
Sigmoid colon | Resembles S; Terminates at rectum |
Rectum | Distal (end) portion of large intestine |
Rectal ampulla | Dilated portion of rectum above anal canal |
Anus | Opening of rectum outside body |
Feces | Waste formed by absorption of water in large intestine |
Defecation | Evacuation of feces from rectum |
Peritoneum | Membrane surrounding entire abdominal cavity;Parietal & visceral layer |
Peritoneal cavity | Space between parietal & visceral peritoneum |
Omentum | Extension of peritoneum attached to stomach & connecting to other abdominal organs |
Liver | Upper right quadrant; Produces bile; Secretes bile into duodenum during digestion |
Gallbladder | Stores & concentrates bile |
Pancreas | Gland; Secretes pancreatic juice into duodenum where it mixes with bile to digest food |
Biliary ducts | Convey bile; Hepatic, cystic, common bile ducts |
Hypochondriac regions | Upper lateral regions beneath ribs |
Epigastric region | Upper middle region below sternum |
Lumbar region | Middle lateral region |
Umbilical region | Region of navel |
Inguinal regions | Lower lateral groin regions |
Hypogastric regions | Region below navel |
Anorexia | Loss of appetite |
Aphagia | Inability to swallow |
Ascites | Accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity |
Buccal | In the cheek |
Diarrhea | Frequent loose or liquid stools |
Constipation | Infrequent or incomplete bowel movements; Hardened, dry stool difficult to pass |
Dyspepsia | Indigestion |
Dysphagia | Difficulty in swallowing |
Eructation | Belch |
Flatulence | Gas in stomach or intestines |
Halitosis | Bad breath |
Hematochezia | Red blood in stool |
Hematemesis | Vomiting blood |
Hepatomegaly | Enlargement of liver |
Hyperbilirubinemia | Excessive level of bilirubin in blood |
Icterus, Jaundice | Yellow discoloration of skin, sclera, & other tissues, Excessive bilirubin in blood |
Melena | Dark colored, tarry stool; Old blood |
Nausea | Feeling sick in the stomach |
Steatorrhea | Feces containing fat |
Sublingual, Hypoglossal | Under the tongue |
Stomatitis | Inflammation of mouth |
Sialoadenitis | Inflammation of salivary gland |
Parotiditis, Parotitis | Inflammation of parotid gland; Mumps |
Cheilitis | Inflammation of lip |
Glossitis | Inflammation of tongue |
Ankyloglossia | Defect in tongue; Short, thick frenulum |
Gingivitis | Inflammation of gums |
Esophageal varices | Swollen, twisted veins in esophagus, susceptible to ulceration & hemorrhage |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Backflow of contents of stomach into esophagus; Resulting from abnormal function of lower esophageal sphincterBurning pain in esophagus |
Pyloric stenosis | Narrowed condition of the pylorus |
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) | Sore on mucous membrane of stomach, duodenum, or any other part of GI system exposed to gastric juices; Helicobacter pylori |
Gastric ulcer | Ulcer located in stomach |
Duodenal ulcer | Ulcer located in duodenum |
Gastroenteritis | Inflammation of stomach & small intestine |
Enteritis | Inflammationof small intestine |
Ileitis | Inflammation of lower portion of small intestine |
Colitis | Inflammation of colon |
Ulcerative colitis | Chronic inflammation of colon along with ulcerations |
Diverticulum | Abnormal side pocket in GI tract; Related to lack of dietary fiber |
Diverticulosis | Diverticula in GI tract, esp. in bowel |
Diverticulitis | Inflammation of diverticula |
Dysentery | Inflammation of intestine; Frequent, bloody stools caused by bacteria or protozoa |
Appendicitis | Inflammation of appendix |
Herni | Protrusion of a part from its normal location |
Hiatal hernia | protrusion of part of stomach through diaphragm opening |
Inguinal hernia | protrusion of loop of intestine through layers of abdominal wall in inguinal region |
Incarcerated hernia | hernia that is swollen & fixed within a sac, causing obstruction |
Strangulated hernia | hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulationlikely to become gangrenous |
Umbilical hernia | protrusion of intestine through a weakness in abdominal wall around umbilicus |
Inussusception | prolapse of one part of intestine into lumen of adjoining part |
Volvulus | twisting of bowel on itself causing obstruction |
Polyposis | multiple polyps in intestine & rectum high potential to become malignant |
Polyp | tumor on a stalk |
Proctitis | inflammation of rectum & anus |
Anal fistula | abnormal tubelike passageway from anus that may connect with rectum |
Hemorrhoid | swollen, twisted vein in anal region |
Peritonitis | inflammation of peritoneum |
Hepatitis | inflammation of liver |
Hepatitis A | infections HAV transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water |
Hepatitis B | HBV transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood of body fluids |
Hepatitis C | HCV transmitted by exposure to infected blood |
Cirrhosis | Chronic disease; Degeneration of liver tissue due to alcoholism or nutritional deficiency |
Cholangitis | Inflammation of bile ducts |
Cholecystitis | Inflammation of gallbladder |
Cholelithiasis | Presence of stones in gallbladder or bile ducts |
Choledocholithiasis | Presence of stones in common bile duct |
Pancreatitis | Inflammation of pancreas |
Biopsy (Bx) | Removal of microscopic study of tissue |
Incisional Bx | Removal of portion of lesion |
Excisional Bx | Removal of entire lesion |
Endoscopy | Examination within body cavity w/ endoscope; GI tract abnormalities, perform biopsy, excision of lesions, dilations of narrowed areas, removal of swallowed objects |
Esophagoscopy | Exam of esophagus w/ esophagoscope |
Gastroscopy | Exam of stomach w/ gastroscope |
Upper GI endoscopy | Exam of lining of esophagus, stomach, duodenum w/ esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or panendoscopy |
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) | Endoscopic procedure w/ x-ray fluoroscopy to examine ducts of liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
Laparoscopy | Exam of abdominal cavity with laparoscope; Interventional surgical procedures |
Peritoneoscopy | Exam of peritoneal cavity w/ peritoneoscope; Examine liver & obtain Bx specimen |
Colonoscopy | Exam of colon using colonoscope |
Sigmoidoscopy | Exam of sigmoid colon w/ sigmoidoscope |
Proctoscopy | Exam of rectum & anus w/ proctoscope |
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | Nonionizing; Visualize abdominal cavity, identify disease in GI tract |
Radiography | X-ray imaging; Used to detect condition in GI tract; Upper GI series X-ray of esophagus, stomach, duodenum; Swallowing of contrast medium |
Barium swallow | X-ray of esophagus only; Locate swallowed objects |
Fluoroscopy | X-ray using fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion |
Small bowel series | X-ray exam of small intestine; In conjunction w/ upper GI series |
Lower GI barium enema | X-ray of colon after administration of enema containing contrast medium |
Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen | Cross-sectional x-ray; Identify condition of GI tract |
Cholangiogram | X-ray of bile ducts; During surgery |
Cholecystogram | X-ray of gallbladder after oral ingestion of iodine |
Sonography | Ultrasound imaging |
Abdominal sonogram | Detect disease in organs & vascular structures of abdomen |
Endoscopic sonography | Examine body cavity; Make sonographic images of structures & tissues |
Stool culture & sensitivity (C&S) | Isolation of stool specimen in culture medium; Identify disease causing organisms |
Stool occult blood study | Chemical test of stool specimen; Detect presence of blood; Positive findings indicate bleeding in GI tract |
Cheiloplasty | Repair of the lip |
Glossectomy | Excision of tongue |
Glossorrhaphy | Suture of tongue |
Esophagoplasty | Repair of esophagus |
Gastrectomy | Partial or complete removal of stomach |
Gastric resection | Partial removal & repair of stomach |
Gastroenterostomy | Formation of artificial opening between stomach & small intestine |
Abdominocentesis, Paracentesis | Puncture of abdomen for aspiration of fluid |
Laparotomy | Incision of abdomen |
Laparoscopic surgery | Abdominal surgery using laparoscope |
Herniorrhaphy, Hernioplasty | Repair of hernia |
Colostomy | Creation of opening in colon through abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus; Allow stool to bypass diseased portion of colon |
Anastomosis | Union of 2 hollow vessels; Technique of bowel surgery |
Ileostomy | Creation of opening on abdomen to which end of ileum is attached; Provides passageway for ileal discharges |
Appendectomy | Excision of diseased appendix |
Incidental appendectomy | Removal of appendix during abdominal surgery for another procedure |
Polypectomy | Excision of polyps |
Proctoplasty | Repair of anus & rectum |
Anal fistulectomy | Excision of an anal fistula |
Hemorrhoidectomy | Excision of hemorrhoids |
Hepatic lobectomy | Excision of liver lobe |
Cholecystectomy | Excision of gallbladder |
Laparoscopid cholecystectomy | Excision of gallbladder through laparoscope |
Cholelithotomy | Incision for removal of gallstones |
Choledocholithotomy | Incision of common bile duct for extraction of gallstones |
Pancreatectomy | Excision of pancreas |
Gastric lavage | Oral insertion of tube into stomach for exam & Tx; Remove blood clots from stomach or monitor bleeding |
Nasogastric (NG) intubation | Insertion of tube through nose into stomach |
Antacid | Drug neutralizing stomach acid |
Antiemetic | Drug preventing or stopping vomiting |
Antispasmodic | Drug decreasing motility in GI tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea |
Cathartic | Drug causing movement of bowels; laxative |