| Question | Answer |
| Integumentary Organ System | The cutaneous membrane (skin) with various organs |
| Epithelial Tissue functions | Covering body surfaces; lining body cavities |
| The 3 Major types of epithelial membranes | Serous, Mucous, Cutaneous |
| 4th epithelial tissue;lines joints; reduces friction; composed entirely of Connective Tissue | Synovial membranes |
| Lines body cavities (such as thoracic and abdominal); reduce friction and secretes serous fluid- aids in lubrication; components: simple squamous epithelial and thin layer of CT | Serous membranes |
| Lines cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body (ex. Oral/nasal cavities, tubes of digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems); consists of epi overlying CT; goblet cells secretes mucus | Mucous Membranes |
| Also known as skin; help protect the rest of the body's tissues and organs from physical damage | Cutaneous membrane |
| 2 distinct layers | Epidermis and dermis |
| Beneath dermis; masses of loose CT and adipose tissues bind skin to underlying organs; not part of the skin; contains major blood vessels | Subcutaneous Layer |
| Receives nourishment from deepest layer (stratum basale); cells divide and grow and push older cells away from the dermis and towards the surface; poor nutrient supply so cells die over time; thickest at soles of feet and palms | Epidermis |
| Produce melanin which provides skin color | Melanocytes |
| Absorbs UV radiation preventing mutations in DNA and other damaging effects | Melanin |
| Older skin cells thicken and harden by this process | Keratinization |
| Boundary between epidermis and dermis is uneven; binds epidermis to underlying tissues; composed of irregular dense CT; includes tough collagenous and elastic fibers; contains muscle and nerve fibers; create facial expressions | Dermis |
| Unique and form during fetal development; identical twins have different _____ | Fingerprints |
| Stimulated by heavy pressure | Pacinian Corpuscle |
| Senses light touch | Meissner's Corpuscles |
| Helps to conserve body heat | Adipose tissue |
| Hair follicles, nails, and skin glands are considered _____ _____ | Accessory Organs |
| Present except palms, soles, lips, nipples, and parts of external reproductive organs; follicle extended from surface into dermis and contains hair root | Hair follicles |
| Epidermal cells which have become keratinized and died | Hair shaft |
| Genes determine this by directing the type and amount of pigment that epidermal melanocytes produce | Hair color |
| What hair color has more melanin than blond? | Dark hair |
| This hair color has iron pigment which is not found in any other type of hair color | Red hair |
| A bundle of smooth muscle cells which attach to each hair follicle | Arrector Pili Muscle |
| Consists of nail plate and nail bed | Nails |
| Whitish, thickened, half moon shape region; most active growing region | Lunula |
| Keratinized scales form this | Nail plate |
| These are skin glands | Sebaceous glands and sweat glands |
| Associated with hair follicle; holocrine glands; secrete sebum; makes hair and skin soft | Sebaceous glands |
| Fatty material | Sebum |
| Widespread in skin; consists of tiny tube which originates as a ball-shaped coil in dermis or superficial subcutaneous layer | Sweat Glands |
| Most numerous; respond to body temp; located in forehead, neck, and back | Eccrine Glands |
| Develop a scent as they are metabolized by skin bacteria; activated during puberty | Apocrine Glands |
| Secrets earwax | Ceruminous Glands |
| Secretes milk | Mammary Glands |
| Water and small amounts of salt and wastes (urea and uric acid) | Sweat |
| All people have about same number of melanocytes (differences depend on amount of melanin produced); environmental factors include sunlight, UV Radiation, and x-rays | Skin color |
| Releases heat | Cellular metabolism |
| Most active cells | Major heat producers |
| Vessels dilate (enlarge), releasing heat | Vasodilation |
| Vessels contract (shrink), diverting blood to surface | Vasoconstriction |
| Hypothalamus | Controls body temp |
| Infrared heat rays escape from warmer surfaces to cooler surroundings | Radiation |
| Heat moves from body directly to cooler objects | Conduction |
| Air becomes heated and moves away from body | Convection |
| Sweating | Evaporation |
| Too cold | Hypo |
| Too hot | Hyper |
| Elevated body temp | Hyperthermia |
| Lowered body temp; prolonged exposure to cold; warm gradually | Hypothermia |
| Yellow orange color | Jaundice |
| Blood pigment | Hemoglobin |
| Slightly burned skin may become warm and reddened; surface will shed; no scarring; heals within 2 weeks; SUPERFICIAL PARTIAL-THICKNESS | 1st Degree Burn |
| Effects the dermis and epidermis layer of skin; causes pain, redness, swelling, blistering; heals two or three week without scarring/ more than 3 weeks with scarring; changes pigment of skin; does not scar | 2nd Degree Burn |
| Rinse Burn with cool water, gently clean with clean water, bandage burn | 2nd Degree Burn treatment |
| Destroys epidermis, dermis, and accessory organs of the skin; healing can only occur by growth of epithelial cells inward from the margin of the Burn; injured skin becomes dry and leathery | 3rd degree burn |
| Usually caused by immersion in hot liquids or prolonged exposure to hot objects | 3rd Degree Burns Cause |
| Cell cycle slows, so skin cells grow larger/irregular shapes; sulfur bond cause skin to appear scaly; dermis becomes reduced because suggests of collagen and elastin slows; fewer #s of lymphocytes cause wounds to not heal as quickly | Life Span |
| Cannot conserve heat by concentrating heat in central areas because of | Lessened vessels |
| Why do some people have darker skin than others? | More melanin |
| People who inherit mutant melanin genes have non pigmented skin | Albinism |
| Normal body temp | 37C/98.6F |
| Blood vessels break if _______ | Cut extends into dermis or subcutaneous layer |
| Newly formed cells fill the gap if ______ | The cut in shallow |
| Blood clots are made of _______ (fibrous protein) | Fibrin |
| Removed dead cells and other debris | Phagocytic cells |
| New tissue is formed and scab falls off, leaving ______ | Scab |
| Rounded masses called ______ develop in exposed tissues in large wounds | Granulations |
| Nerve impulses stimulate structures in skin and other organs to release heat in ______ | Intense heat |
| Keratinized cells become part of what in the nail? | Nail bed |
