| |
| List the 4 types of shock. | Hypovolemic
Distributive
Cardiogenic
Obstructive |
| Which shock is a "lack of volume"? | Hypovolemic Shock |
| Which shock is a mal-distribution of blood or vasodilation? | Distributive Shock |
| Which shock is due to inadequate cardiac output? | Cardiogenic Shock |
| Which shock is due to the inability of blood to enter or exit the heart adequately? | Obstructive Shock |
| Another term for early hypovolemia is ___. | Compensatory |
| Another term for late hypovolemia is ___. | Decompensatory |
| Sympathetic is the same as ___. | Adrenergic |
| Parasympathetic is the same as ___. | Cholinergic |
| The ___ system is active during the compensatory phase of shock. | Adrenergic system |
| The ___ system is active after the phase of shock has passed to bring the body back to a state of ___. | Cholinergic system
Homeostasis |
| What is the process by which glycogen stores in the liver are broken down into glucose? | Glycogeonolysis |
| What is the process in which serum glucose is converted to glycogen for storage in the liver? | Glyconeogenesis |
| What effect do alpha cells have on the adrenergic system? | Vasoconstriction
Glycogenolysis
Diaphoresis |
| What effect do alpha cells have on the cholinergic system? | Vasodilation
Glyconeogenesis
Dry Skin |
| What effect do Beta One cells have on the adrenergic system? | Increased heart rate
Increased contractility
Increased automaticity |
| What effect do Beta One cells have on the cholinergic system? | Decreased heart rate
Decreased contractility
Decreased automaticity |
| What effect do Beta Two cells have on the adrenergic system? | Increased respiratory rate
Bronchodilation |
| What effect do Beta Two cells have on the cholinergic system? | Decreased respiratory rate
Bronchoconstriction |
| Late or decompensated shock leads to activation of the inflammatory system which includes what? | Vasodilation
Increased capillary permeability
Increased coagulation |
| What is the average adult blood volume? | 4700-5500 mL |
| What are the signs of early shock? | Normal or slightly elevated blood pressure
Narrowing pulse pressure
Tachycardia (weak and thready)
Tachypnea (deep and rapid)
Lactate is normal
Skin is cool and clammy
CNS symptoms are anxious & restless
Urine Output is decreased |
| What are the signs of late shock? | Low blood pressure
Tachycardia (may not be palpable)
Tachypnea (shallow and rapid)
Lactate is >2-4
Skin is cool, clammy and mottled
CNS symptoms are decreased level of consciousness
Kidney function is anuric. |
| How much blood can be lost in the pelvis? | 3000 mL |
| How much blood can be lost in the femur? | 1000 mL |
| How much blood can be lost due to a tibial fracture? | 650 mL |
