Question | Answer |
Bacteremia/pneumonia (IVDA) | S. aureus |
Bacteria associated with cancer | H. pylori |
Bacteria found in GI tract | Bacteroides (2nd most common is E. coli ) |
Brain tumor (adults) | Mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma |
Brain tumor (kids) | Medulloblastoma (cerebellum) |
Brain tumor––supratentorial (kids) | Craniopharyngioma |
Breast cancer | Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the United States, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer) |
Breast mass | Fibrocystic change (in postmenopausal women, carcinoma is the most common) |
Breast tumor (benign) | Fibroadenoma |
Bug in debilitated, hospitalized | Klebsiella |
Cardiac 1° tumor (adults) | Myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”) |
Cardiac 1° tumor (kids) | Rhabdomyoma |
Cardiac tumor (adults) | Mets |
Cardiomyopathy | Dilated cardiomyopathy |
Chromosomal disorder | Down syndrome (associated with ALL, Alzheimer’s dementia, and endocardial cushion defects) |
Chronic arrhythmia | Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli) |
Congenital cardiac anomaly | VSD |
Constrictive pericarditis | Tuberculosis |
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis | LAD > RCA > LCA |
Cyanosis (early; less common) | Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus |
Cyanosis (late; more common) | VSD, ASD, PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol) |
Demyelinating disease | Multiple sclerosis |
Dietary deficit | Iron |
Epiglottitis | Haemophilus influenzae type B |
Esophageal cancer | Squamous cell carcinoma |
Gene involved in cancer | p53 tumor suppressor gene |
Group affected by cystic fibrosis | Caucasians (fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, mucous plugs/lung infections) |
Gynecologic malignancy | Endometrial carcinoma |
Heart valve (rheumatic fever) | Mitral valve (aortic is 2nd) |
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis | Mitral |
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA | Tricuspid |
Helminth infection (U.S.) | Enterobius vermicularis (Ascaris lumbricoides is 2nd most common) |
Hereditary bleeding disorder | von Willebrand’s |
Kidney stones | Calcium = radiopaque (2nd most common is ammonium = radiopaque; formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus) |
Liver disease | Alcoholic liver disease |
Location of brain tumors (adults) | Supratentorial |
Location of brain tumors (kids) | Infratentorial |
Lysosomal storage disease | Gaucher’s disease |
Male cancer | Prostatic carcinoma |
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever | Hodgkin’s disease |
Malignant skin tumor | Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes) |
Mets to bone | Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney |
Mets to brain | Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI |
Mets to liver | Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas |
Motor neuron disease | ALS |
Neoplasm (kids) | ALL (2nd most common is cerebellar medulloblastoma) |
Nephrotic syndrome | Membranous glomerulonephritis |
Obstruction of male urinary tract | BPH |
Opportunistic infection in AIDS | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
Organ receiving mets | Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply) |
Organ sending mets | Lung > breast, stomach |
Ovarian tumor (benign) | Serous cystadenoma |
Ovarian tumor (malignant) | Serous cystadenocarcinoma |
Pancreatic tumor | Adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas) |
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML | ALL—child, CLL—adult > 60, AML—adult > 60, CML—adult 35–50 |
Patient with Hodgkin’s | Young male (except nodular sclerosis type––female) |
Patient with minimal change disease | Young child |
Patient with Reiter’s | Male |
Pituitary tumor | Prolactinoma (2nd––somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma) |
pneumonia patient | |
Preventable cancer | Lung cancer |
Primary bone tumor (adults) | Multiple myeloma |
Primary hyperparathyroidism | Adenomas (followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma) |
Primary liver tumor | Hepatoma |
Renal tumor | Renal cell carcinoma––associated with von Hippel–Lindau and acquired polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH) |
Secondary hyperparathyroidism | Hypocalcemia of chronic renal failure |
Sexually transmitted disease | Chlamydia |
Site of diverticula | Sigmoid colon |
Site of metastasis | Regional lymph nodes |
Site of metastasis (2nd most common) | Liver |
Sites of atherosclerosis | Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid |
Skin cancer | Basal cell carcinoma |
Stomach cancer | Adenocarcinoma |
Testicular tumor | Seminoma |
Thyroid cancer | Papillary carcinoma |
Tracheoesophageal fistula | Lower esophagus joins trachea/upper esophagus––blind pouch |
Tumor in men | Prostate carcinoma |
Tumor in women | Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent) |
Tumor of infancy | Hemangioma |
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults) | Pheochromocytoma (benign) |
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids) | Neuroblastoma (malignant) |
Type of Hodgkin’s | Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion) |
Type of non-Hodgkin’s | Follicular, small cleaved |
Type of pituitary adenoma | Prolactinoma |
Vasculitis | Temporal arteritis (risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery) |
Viral encephalitis | HSV |
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.) | Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply) |