| Question | Answer |
| What are WBC called | Leukocytes
Main function defense |
| WBC are larger then ? But fewer in numbers | Erythrocytes |
| Mature WBC have a nucleus but | Does not have hemoglobin |
| Plasma is how much percent water | 90% water = liquid portion of blood
Transports cellular elements of blood through out the circulatory system |
| Remaining portion of plasma = solutes | Most abundant solutes are plasma proteins
3 different kinds
1 albumins
2 globulins
3 fibrinogen
Also electrolytes fats glucose bilirubin and gases |
| two parts of blood | plasma / formed elements |
| Albumins | Constitute 60% of the plasma proteins
Keep us at a normal balance
Help maintain normal blood pressure
Maintain balance between fluid in the blood and in the interstitial tissues
( clear yellowish fluid) |
| Globulins | Constitute 36 % of plasma proteins
1 alpha 2 beta globulins transport lipids (fats)
And fat soluble vitamins in blood
3 gamma globulins are antibodies and function in immunity |
| IGG | Past infection titers |
| IGM | Active currant infection |
| IGE | Allergies |
| IGA | Digestive track |
| Thrombus | Stationary clot |
| Embolis | Traveling clot |
| Red blood cells
Erythrocytes | Life span 120 days
Tiny biconcaved -shaped disks
Main component = hemoglobin
Transports oxygen to cells of the body |
| Mature RBC is | Anucleate ( no nucleus) |
| Leukocytes | Mature WBC has a nucleus / does not have hemoglobin |
| Two categories of WBC | Granulocytes have granules in there cytoplasm
Agranulocytosis have no granules in there cytoplasm
5 different types of Leukocytes |
| # 1 Neutrophils | Neutrophils 60/70 % of all WBC
Pathagocytic in nature eating and destroying / fights bacteria |
| # 2 eosinophils | 2/4 % of all WBC
For allergic reaction |
| #3 basophils | Less then 1% of WBC
Secret histamine during allergic reaction
Secrete heparin a natural coagulate |
| Agranulocytes / monocytes | Paceman 3/ 8% WBC
Largest of WBC macrophages eats pathogens and cellular debri
Kidney bean shape nucleus pathogenic in nature ( eats) |
| Agranulocytes / lymphocytes | 20/25% WBC
Fights viruses
Large spherical- shaped nucleus
Immune process
They are phagocytic / T cells / helpers / killers memory
Produce antibodies |
| Cell fragments
Thrombocytes | Also called platelets
Small dicc- shaped fragments of a very large cell called (MEGAKARYOCYTES)
No hemoglobin / essential for coagulation |
| Universal donor blood | Type (O-)
No antigens (A or B) present on its RBC |
| Universal recipient blood type | Type AB positive (AB+)
No A or B antigens present in plasma |
| Coagulation | Clotting of blood |
| 1 Injury to blood vessel creates roughened area in vessel | 2 platelets come in contact with fought spot and disintegrate
Releases substance called thromboplastin |
| 3 thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin | 4 thrombin convert fibrinogen into fibrin
5 thrombin threads a mess that forms a clot |
| Anemia | W/O blood abnormal level of hemoglobin
Resulting in oxygen decrease/ deficiency in cells
Fatigue / paleness/ headache/ |
| Aplastic anemia | W/O formation pancytopenia ( all cells decreased)
Bone marrow depression
RBC WBC platelets all decreased |
| Enzyme -linked immunosorent assy | Blood test used for screening for antibody to AIDS VIRUS
Also lime disease |
| Western blot | Western bolt test
Detects the presence of the antibodies for HIV the virus AIDS used to confirm validity by ELISE test |
| Schilling test | A diagnostic analysis for pernicious anemia |
| Hemoglobin test | Concentration measurements of the hemoglobin in the peripheral blood |
| Bleeding time | Measurement of time required for bleeding to stop |
| Coombs test / direct anti- globulin test | Test used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibodies present in the blood of an RH - neg woman and RH incompatibility between a pregnant
RH - woman and her RH+ fetus |
| Sickle cell | Chronic hereditary form of hemolytic anemia RBC become crescent shaped in the presence of low oxygen
RBC clump together forming thrombosis |
| Lymphangiogram | X- Ray assessment of the lymphatic system by injecting contrast mending into hands or foot |
| Mononucleosis | A benign self limiting acute infection of the B lymphocytes caused by EBV |
| Myasthenia gravis | Autoimmune disease antibodies block / destroy some acetylcholine
Receptor site / muscle weakness |
| Hemolytic anemia | A form of anemia extreme reduction in circulating RBC due to there destruction |
| Multiple myeloma | Malignant plasma cell neoplasm in form of pinpoint hemorrhages and inmature plasma cells often entirely replace bone marrow and destroy the skeletal structure |
| gradulocytosis anemia | Elevated number of granulocytes / circulating blood as a reaction to inflamotory or infection |
| Leukemia | Excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBC in the blood
Leading to infection anemia and thrombocytopenia |
| Purpura | Collection of blood beneath the skin in form of pinpoint hemorrhages red Purpura skin discoloration |
| Pernicious anemia | Anemia resulting from a deficiency of MATURE RBC / formation of circulation
Of megaloblasts marked with poikiloctosis and antiocytosis |
| Hemophilia | Hereditary inadequacies coagulation resulting in prolonged bleeding times |
| Kaposi's sarcoma | Locally destructive malignant neoplasms of the blood vessels
Associated with AIDS. Leasions on skin. Visit rica organs mucous membranes |
| Lymphoma | Lymphoid tissues neoplasm maglignant painless enlarged lymph nodes followed by anemia weakness fever weight loss |
| PCP | Worldwide parasites |
| Aplastic anemia | bone marrow depression anemia / pancytopenia / inadequacy of formed blood elements ( RBC and WBC and platelets) |
| Polycythemia Vera | Abnormal proliferation of RBC / granulocytes / thrombocytes leading to an increased volume and viscosity (thickness) |
| Systematic lupus erythermatosus | Inflammatory connective tissue disease chronic in nature
Immune complexes are formed from reaction SLE autoantibodies |
| Acquired immunodeficiency | Last or final phase of a human immunodeficiency virus HIVdamages T cell lymphocytes with CD 4 receptors |
| CMV | Cytomegalovirus virus |
| ARC | AIDS related complex |
| EBV | Epstein bar virus |
| ITP | Idiopathic thrombocyte penic Purpura |
| AIDS | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| HSV | Herpes simplex virus |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| SLE | Systemic lupus erythermatosus |
| KS | Kaposis sarcoma |
| PPT | Blood test used to assess clotting proficiency factor 1 and 2
Fibrinogen and prothrombin factors 5 8 9 10 11 12 |
| Agranulocytes | Large nucleus kidney bean shaped |
| Lypmphocytes | Large spherical shape nucleus / immune /attack bacteria |
| Thrombocytes | Know as platelets / small disc- shaped fragments of a very large cell
Called MEGAKARYOCYTES |
| Antigens | Also called agglutinogen/ RBC
Antigens make antibodies |
| Antibodies | After mature go after antigens - attack |
| Matching antigens and antibodies test | For blood donor test called blood typin& cross match |
| Agglutination | Firmly stick or be stuck together to form a mass |
