Term | Definition |
Hematology | Study of blood and it's disorders |
Plasma | Liquid part (55%)- produced by liver |
Leukocytes | White blood cells |
Thrombocytes | Platelets |
Erythrocytes | Red blood cells |
Functions of blood-transportation | 1. Gases
2. Waste products
3. Nutrients |
Functions of blood | 1. Transportation
2. Regulation
3. Protection |
Functions of blood- regulation | 1. Body temp
2. pH |
Functions of blood-protection | 1. Against pathogens
2. Clotting |
pH | 7.35-7.45 |
Blood volume | 5 liters |
Hematopoiesis | Blood cell formation |
Red bone marrow | myeloid stem cell |
RBC Structure | spherical, inoculated, lack of mitochondria |
RBC function | Carries hemoglobin molecules which transport oxygen |
Tallquist test | Measures level of hemoglobin in RBCs |
Hematocrit | % of RBC volume |
RBC lifespan | 120 days |
Anemia | RBC deficiency, hemoglobin deficiency, or both |
Iron deficiency anemia | low hemoglobin-low O2-fatigue |
Pernicious anemia | Lack of it. B12-low RBC count |
Sickle-cell anemia | Fatal hereditary disease caused by abnormal hemoglobin |
Polycythemia vera | Excessive increase in number of RBCs |
Erythropoietin | Rate controlled by a hormone(produced by kidneys) |
White Blood Cell Structure | Nuclei and large |
Neutrophils | Engulf bacteria and cellular debris (most) |
Basophils | Hypersensitivity, release histamine (least) |
Eosinophils | Parasitic infections, allergic response |
Lymphocytes | Produce antibodies, regulate the immune response |
Monocytes | Engulf cellular debris |
Leukocytosis | High WBC count |
Leukopenia | Low WBC count |
Leukemia | Large increase in WBCs |
Infectious mononucleosis (mono) | High numbers of large lymphocytes caused by epstein-barrvirus virus |
AIDs | Decreased WBCs- attacks the lymphocytes |
Serum | Plasma minus clotting proteins |
Hemophillia | Inherited x-linked |
Thrombocytopenia (purpura) | Low platelets, petechia (clotting episodes) |
Aspirin | Blocks prothrombin-thrombin |
Heparin | Blocks fibrinogen-fibrin |
Innate (nonspecific) defense | Fast |
Adaptive (specific) defense | Slow |
First line of defense | skin-mucous membranes-secretions of skin and mucous membranes |
Second line of defense | phagocytic cells (neutrophils and monocytes)-antimicrobial proteins-inflammatory response (basophils) |
Third line of defense | Lymphocytes-antibodies-macrophages |
Lymphocytes | Immune cells |
B-cells | Produce antibodies, made in bone marrow, humoral immunity |
T-cells | Release chemicals to kill, originate in thymus, cell-mediated immunity |