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CNS

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Created by: Tbella

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MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS & HORMONES

Question	Answer
CNS	Takes all nerves messages to Brain & spinal cord to process Stores sensory and motor information
Brain	Controls systems of the body Except heart
Functions of nerves system	Regulates / coordinates All body activity
Nervous system	Center of all mental activity Including thought and memory
Peripheral nervous system ( PNS)	12 pairs cranial 31 pairs spinal Transports sensory and motor impulses to and from the (CNS) and rest of body
Peripheral	Relays messages on the sides
PNS afferent	Sensory taking impulses from body to brain Via CNS
PSN efferent	Motor. Taking messages from the Brain to the body for movement Carey's impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands
Somatic nervous system SNS	Provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles contraction
Autonomic nervous system ANS	Can not control Provides involuntary control over smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Glandular activity
Sympathetic nerves ANS	Fight or flight Responses include constriction of blood vessels Increased blood pressure Increased heart rate
Parasympathetic nerves ANS	Returns body to restful state Decrease in heart rate increased peristalsis Increased. Glandular secretions Relaxation of sphincter
Neurons	Functional unit of nerve cell
Neurons. 3 parts
Synapse	Space between two nerves Contains neurotransmitters for activation or inhibition of nerve impulse
Neuroglia	Connective tissue Are not conducting impulse there for support
Phagocytosis	Protect nervous system eats up bacteria
3 types of Neuroglia cells	Astrocytes Microglia Oligodendrocytes
Meninges/ cerebrospinal fluid	Membranes that cover the brain/ spinal cord
Dura mater	Outtermost Layer of meninges Tough white connective tissue
Dura mater epidural space	Located outside of the dura mater Contains supporting cushions of fat and connective tissue
Dura mater. Subdural space	Located beneath the dura mater Cavity is located with serous fluid
Arachnoid membrane	Middle layer of meninges Resembles a spiders web Subarachnoid space immediately beneath contains cerebrospinal fluid
Pia mater	Inner most layer of meninges Tightly bound to the surface of the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrum	Largest and uppermost portion of the brain Controls consciousness memory sensations emotions voluntary movement
Cortex	Outter layer of the cerebrum
Longitudinal fissure	Divides cerebrum into two hemispheres
Cerebellum	Back of brain attaches to brain stem Maintains muscle tone coordinates normal movement and balance Looks like a leafy structure
Pineal gland	Secretes melatonin
Hypothalamus	Controls temperature Sleep. Appetite
Thdmus	Controls sensory stimuli
Diencephalon	Located between the cerebrum and midbrain Consists of thalamus. Hypothalamus and pineal gland
Pons	Bridge nerves cross over each other at the pons
Brain stem	Between Diencephalon and spinal cord Consists of midbrain. Pons and medulla oblongata Pathways for impulses between brain and spinal cord Controls. Respiration blood pressure and heart rate
Alzheimer's	Memory loss debilitating deterioration of intellectual function
Anencephaly	Absence of the brain and spinal cord at birth Child dies
Bell's palsy	Facial nerve could be temporary ( viral) Or stroke drooping one side of face
Brain abscess	Accumulation of pus anywhere in the brain Sinus infection can lead to brain abscess Can be drained
Carpal tunnel syndrome	Wrist
Cerebral concussion	Short term memory loss Blunt trauma to head
Cerebral contusion	Shaking of a baby
Cerebral palsy	Congenital brain damage Childs lack of control of muscles
Cerebral palsy spastic	Damage to the cortex of the brain
Cerebral palsy. Ataxic	Damage to the cerebellum Affects equilibrium
Cerebral palsy athetoid	Damage to basal ganglia Causes sudden jerking
Cerebral palsy rigidity	Causes child to be in a continual state of tension
Cerebral palsy mixed	Combination of all three types
Cerebrovascular accident	Ischemia death of specific portion of the brain Loss of blood supply to certain area Infarction cell dead
TIAs	Transient ischemic attacks Clot not attached
Cerebral thrombosis	Attached clot Older then 50
Cerebral hemorrhage	Stroke Central vessel ruptures
Encephalitis	Inflammation of the brain
Epilepsy	Recrurring episodes of electrical activity of the CNS
Grand mal	Aura generalized body seizures Seize then relax
Petit mal	Small seizures suddenly Also known as absence seizures
Epidural hematoma	Arterial bleeding above the dura mater just below the skull
Subdural hematoma	Blood below the dura mater and above the arachnoid meninges
Intracranial tumors	Any region of the brain
Multiple sclerosis	Optic nerve damage No cure
Narcolepsy	Fall asleep with out knowing
Neuroblastoma	Highly malignant fast growing
Spina bifida cystica