Question | Answer |
CNS | Takes all nerves messages to Brain & spinal cord to process
Stores sensory and motor information |
Brain | Controls systems of the body
Except heart |
Functions of nerves system | Regulates / coordinates
All body activity |
Nervous system | Center of all mental activity
Including thought and memory |
Peripheral nervous system ( PNS) | 12 pairs cranial
31 pairs spinal
Transports sensory and motor impulses to and from the (CNS) and rest of body |
Peripheral | Relays messages on the sides |
PNS afferent | Sensory taking impulses from body to brain
Via CNS |
PSN efferent | Motor. Taking messages from the Brain to the body for movement
Carey's impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands |
Somatic nervous system SNS | Provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles contraction |
Autonomic nervous system ANS | Can not control
Provides involuntary control over smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Glandular activity |
Sympathetic nerves ANS | Fight or flight
Responses include constriction of blood vessels
Increased blood pressure
Increased heart rate |
Parasympathetic nerves ANS | Returns body to restful state
Decrease in heart rate
increased peristalsis
Increased. Glandular secretions
Relaxation of sphincter |
Neurons | Functional unit of nerve cell |
Neurons. 3 parts | |
Synapse | Space between two nerves
Contains neurotransmitters for activation or inhibition of nerve impulse |
Neuroglia | Connective tissue
Are not conducting impulse there for support |
Phagocytosis | Protect nervous system
eats up bacteria |
3 types of Neuroglia cells | Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes |
Meninges/ cerebrospinal fluid | Membranes that cover the brain/ spinal cord |
Dura mater | Outtermost Layer of meninges
Tough white connective tissue |
Dura mater epidural space | Located outside of the dura mater
Contains supporting cushions of fat and connective tissue |
Dura mater. Subdural space | Located beneath the dura mater
Cavity is located with serous fluid |
Arachnoid membrane | Middle layer of meninges
Resembles a spiders web
Subarachnoid space immediately beneath contains cerebrospinal fluid |
Pia mater | Inner most layer of meninges
Tightly bound to the surface of the brain and spinal cord |
Cerebrum | Largest and uppermost portion of the brain
Controls consciousness memory sensations emotions voluntary movement |
Cortex | Outter layer of the cerebrum |
Longitudinal fissure | Divides cerebrum into two hemispheres |
Cerebellum | Back of brain attaches to brain stem
Maintains muscle tone coordinates normal movement and balance
Looks like a leafy structure |
Pineal gland | Secretes melatonin |
Hypothalamus | Controls temperature Sleep. Appetite |
Thdmus | Controls sensory stimuli |
Diencephalon | Located between the cerebrum and midbrain
Consists of thalamus. Hypothalamus and pineal gland |
Pons | Bridge nerves cross over each other at the pons |
Brain stem | Between Diencephalon and spinal cord
Consists of midbrain. Pons and medulla oblongata
Pathways for impulses between brain and spinal cord
Controls. Respiration blood pressure and heart rate |
Alzheimer's | Memory loss debilitating deterioration of intellectual function |
Anencephaly | Absence of the brain and spinal cord at birth
Child dies |
Bell's palsy | Facial nerve could be temporary ( viral)
Or stroke drooping one side of face |
Brain abscess | Accumulation of pus anywhere in the brain
Sinus infection can lead to brain abscess
Can be drained |
Carpal tunnel syndrome | Wrist |
Cerebral concussion | Short term memory loss
Blunt trauma to head |
Cerebral contusion | Shaking of a baby |
Cerebral palsy | Congenital brain damage
Childs lack of control of muscles |
Cerebral palsy spastic | Damage to the cortex of the brain |
Cerebral palsy. Ataxic | Damage to the cerebellum
Affects equilibrium |
Cerebral palsy athetoid | Damage to basal ganglia
Causes sudden jerking |
Cerebral palsy rigidity | Causes child to be in a continual state of tension |
Cerebral palsy mixed | Combination of all three types |
Cerebrovascular accident | Ischemia death of specific portion of the brain
Loss of blood supply to certain area
Infarction cell dead |
TIAs | Transient ischemic attacks
Clot not attached |
Cerebral thrombosis | Attached clot
Older then 50 |
Cerebral hemorrhage | Stroke
Central vessel ruptures |
Encephalitis | Inflammation of the brain |
Epilepsy | Recrurring episodes of electrical activity of the CNS |
Grand mal | Aura generalized body seizures
Seize then relax |
Petit mal | Small seizures suddenly
Also known as absence seizures |
Epidural hematoma | Arterial bleeding above the dura mater just below the skull |
Subdural hematoma | Blood below the dura mater and above the arachnoid meninges |
Intracranial tumors | Any region of the brain |
Multiple sclerosis | Optic nerve damage
No cure |
Narcolepsy | Fall asleep with out knowing |
Neuroblastoma | Highly malignant fast growing |
Spina bifida cystica | |