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CNS
Functions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CNS | Takes all nerves messages to Brain & spinal cord to process Stores sensory and motor information |
| Brain | Controls systems of the body Except heart |
| Functions of nerves system | Regulates / coordinates All body activity |
| Nervous system | Center of all mental activity Including thought and memory |
| Peripheral nervous system ( PNS) | 12 pairs cranial 31 pairs spinal Transports sensory and motor impulses to and from the (CNS) and rest of body |
| Peripheral | Relays messages on the sides |
| PNS afferent | Sensory taking impulses from body to brain Via CNS |
| PSN efferent | Motor. Taking messages from the Brain to the body for movement Carey's impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands |
| Somatic nervous system SNS | Provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles contraction |
| Autonomic nervous system ANS | Can not control Provides involuntary control over smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Glandular activity |
| Sympathetic nerves ANS | Fight or flight Responses include constriction of blood vessels Increased blood pressure Increased heart rate |
| Parasympathetic nerves ANS | Returns body to restful state Decrease in heart rate increased peristalsis Increased. Glandular secretions Relaxation of sphincter |
| Neurons | Functional unit of nerve cell |
| Neurons. 3 parts | |
| Synapse | Space between two nerves Contains neurotransmitters for activation or inhibition of nerve impulse |
| Neuroglia | Connective tissue Are not conducting impulse there for support |
| Phagocytosis | Protect nervous system eats up bacteria |
| 3 types of Neuroglia cells | Astrocytes Microglia Oligodendrocytes |
| Meninges/ cerebrospinal fluid | Membranes that cover the brain/ spinal cord |
| Dura mater | Outtermost Layer of meninges Tough white connective tissue |
| Dura mater epidural space | Located outside of the dura mater Contains supporting cushions of fat and connective tissue |
| Dura mater. Subdural space | Located beneath the dura mater Cavity is located with serous fluid |
| Arachnoid membrane | Middle layer of meninges Resembles a spiders web Subarachnoid space immediately beneath contains cerebrospinal fluid |
| Pia mater | Inner most layer of meninges Tightly bound to the surface of the brain and spinal cord |
| Cerebrum | Largest and uppermost portion of the brain Controls consciousness memory sensations emotions voluntary movement |
| Cortex | Outter layer of the cerebrum |
| Longitudinal fissure | Divides cerebrum into two hemispheres |
| Cerebellum | Back of brain attaches to brain stem Maintains muscle tone coordinates normal movement and balance Looks like a leafy structure |
| Pineal gland | Secretes melatonin |
| Hypothalamus | Controls temperature Sleep. Appetite |
| Thdmus | Controls sensory stimuli |
| Diencephalon | Located between the cerebrum and midbrain Consists of thalamus. Hypothalamus and pineal gland |
| Pons | Bridge nerves cross over each other at the pons |
| Brain stem | Between Diencephalon and spinal cord Consists of midbrain. Pons and medulla oblongata Pathways for impulses between brain and spinal cord Controls. Respiration blood pressure and heart rate |
| Alzheimer's | Memory loss debilitating deterioration of intellectual function |
| Anencephaly | Absence of the brain and spinal cord at birth Child dies |
| Bell's palsy | Facial nerve could be temporary ( viral) Or stroke drooping one side of face |
| Brain abscess | Accumulation of pus anywhere in the brain Sinus infection can lead to brain abscess Can be drained |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | Wrist |
| Cerebral concussion | Short term memory loss Blunt trauma to head |
| Cerebral contusion | Shaking of a baby |
| Cerebral palsy | Congenital brain damage Childs lack of control of muscles |
| Cerebral palsy spastic | Damage to the cortex of the brain |
| Cerebral palsy. Ataxic | Damage to the cerebellum Affects equilibrium |
| Cerebral palsy athetoid | Damage to basal ganglia Causes sudden jerking |
| Cerebral palsy rigidity | Causes child to be in a continual state of tension |
| Cerebral palsy mixed | Combination of all three types |
| Cerebrovascular accident | Ischemia death of specific portion of the brain Loss of blood supply to certain area Infarction cell dead |
| TIAs | Transient ischemic attacks Clot not attached |
| Cerebral thrombosis | Attached clot Older then 50 |
| Cerebral hemorrhage | Stroke Central vessel ruptures |
| Encephalitis | Inflammation of the brain |
| Epilepsy | Recrurring episodes of electrical activity of the CNS |
| Grand mal | Aura generalized body seizures Seize then relax |
| Petit mal | Small seizures suddenly Also known as absence seizures |
| Epidural hematoma | Arterial bleeding above the dura mater just below the skull |
| Subdural hematoma | Blood below the dura mater and above the arachnoid meninges |
| Intracranial tumors | Any region of the brain |
| Multiple sclerosis | Optic nerve damage No cure |
| Narcolepsy | Fall asleep with out knowing |
| Neuroblastoma | Highly malignant fast growing |
| Spina bifida cystica |
Created by:
Tbella
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