Thing | ID |
Britain's Poor Law Commission | -An investigation of the living conditions of the poor in Britain.
-Investigations showed that the poor were physically worse than middle class.
-Showed many immoral lifestyles of the lower class |
Edwin Chadwick | -Wanted to eliminate poverty and squalor in urban areas
-Secretary of the poor Law commission
-drew causes for poor living conditions and fought for sanitation |
Cholera | -Scared people into supporting health reforms
-A deadly disease rampant in crowded cities. |
bourgeoisie | -the middle class; had existed as long cities had
-changed from town dwellers to those with high positions in industry, or a professional in a craft or a position. |
new elites | -the new additions to middle class, industrial entrepreneurs
-very ambitious people in a high risk high reward market |
working class | -agricultural laborers, domestic servants, and workers in cotton/woolen industry.
-factory workers had awful work conditions with safety hazards, low wages, and no workers compensation or unemployment insurance. |
child labor | -Favored by employers because: cheap labor, more delicate weavers, small enough to fit between machines and such.
-The 10 hours act and coal mine acts were created to prevent abuse of child labor. |
domestic servants | -included 40% of working women
-allowed women to contribute to family survival |
trade unions | -groups of workers formed to fight collectively for better conditions for the workers, better pay, and less competition.
-consisted of either a national collaboration of all workers, or groups of a particular industry. |
Robert Owen | -A leader in social reform, who fought for the rights of workers.
-encouraged widespread unions, made up of people of all industries.
-Helped create and plan the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union |
the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union | -Union created based on the ideas of Robert Owen
-planned to strike for the eight hour working day
-resulted in little change and unions went back to being industry specific. |
the Amalgamated Society of Engineers | -The biggest trade specific union that accomplished the most.
-allowed workers to receive assistance in the situation that the lose their job as long a the payed a small fee while employed. |
Luddites | -Group of skilled craftsmen whose jobs were challenged by industrial devices.
-Led attacks against industrial machines and factories to help their jobs.
-resulted in little other than communicating the unhappiness with the current system of unrestricted capitalism |
Chartism and the People's Charter | -a collection of working men trying to achieve male suffrage, payment for parliament members, and right to run for parliament.
-achieved little other than educating workers on the downsides of the current government. |
the London Working Men's Association | -Group that created the basis for Chartism
-fought for male suffrage and equal right to serve in parliament |
factory acts | -series of acts passed between 1802 and 1819
-limited labor of children under 16 to twelve hours a day and outlawed employment of children under 9
-acts applied only to cotton mills and weren't enfourced |
Ten Hours Act of 1847 | -restricted women and those age 18 and younger to 10 hours of work per day.
-Instituted by British parliament |
Coal Mines Act of 1842 | -law that prohibited girls, or boys under age ten from working in coal mines.
-instituted by British parliament |
the Poor Law of 1834 | -restricted government assistance to the poor, leaving workhouses as the main option.
-instituted to encourage poor to move up do to awful living conditions. |
the workhouse | -Housing and work for the previously unemployed and homeless
-conditions were awful to encourage people to stop being poor |