Question | Answer |
Contractility | shorten with force |
Excitability | respond to a stimulus. |
Extensibility | stretched |
Elasticity | recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
Connective Tissue sheath | Epimysium |
Connective tissue outside of the epimysium | Fascia |
When a muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles | muscle fascicle |
Muscle fascicles are surrounded by what kind of loose connective tissue? | perimysium |
Fasciculi composed of single muscle cells called? | fibers |
Each fiber surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | Endomysium |
Cytoplasm of each fiber | Myofibrils |
a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | Myofibrils |
Thin myofilaments | Actin |
Thick Myofilaments | Myosin |
Extends from one Z-line to the next Z-line | Sarcomere |
the darker central region in each sarcomere. | A-band |
the center of each sarcomere is another light area called | H-zone |
On each side of the Z line is a light area called | I-Band |
myosin myofilaments are attached in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called | M-line |
outside of most cell membranes | Positively charged |
inside of cell membranes | Negatively Charged |
Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor Neurons |
The enlarged nerve terminal, | presynaptic terminal |
the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | Synaptic cleft |
The muscle fiber | postsynaptic terminal |
Each presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles that secrete a neurotransmitter | acetylcholine |
The acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzyme | acetylcholinesterase |
Anaerobic Respiration | without oxygen |
Aerobic Respiration | with oxygen |
Equal Distance | Isometric |
Equal tension | Isotonic |
the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement. | Insertion |
most stationary end of the muscle | Origin(head) |
Raises eyebrows | Frontalis |
Blinks and closes eye | Orbicularis Oculi |
Closes and protrudes lips | Orbicularis oris |
closes jaw | Temporalis |
Raises corner of mouth | Zygomaticus |
closes jaw | Masseter |
Compresses cheek, holds food between teeth during chewing | Buccinator |
Flexes neck; laterally rotates head | Sternocleidomastoid |
Tenses skin of neck | Platysma |
Adducts and flexes humerus | Pectoralis major |
flexes vertebral column | Rectus abdominis |
Flexes and rotates vertebral column | External oblique |
Flexes elbow and supinates forearm | biceps brachii |
flexes elbow | brachialis |
abducts arm(shoulder) | deltoid |
flexes hip | iliopsoas |
adduct and medially rotate thigh | Adductor muscles |
Flexes thigh on hip | Sartorius |
All extend knee; rectus femoris also flexes hip on tigh | Quadriceps group |
Doriflexes and inverts foot | Tibialis anterior |
Extends toes | Extensor digitorum |
Plantar flex and evert foot | fibularis muscles |
Raises, retracts, and rotates scapula (mid shoulder and neck) | Trapezius |
Extends and adducts humerus | Latissimus Dorsi |
Extends and laterally flexes spine | Erector Spinae |
Flexes spine laterally; extends spine | Quadratus Lumborum |
Abducts humerus | Deltoid |
Extends elbow | Triceps brachii |
Flexes wrists and abducts hand | Flexor Carpi radialis |
Flexes wrists and adducts hand | Flexor carpi ulnaris |
Flexes wrist and fingers | Flexor digitorium superficialis |
Extends wrist and abducts hand | Extensor carpi radialis |
extends fingers | Extensor digitorium |
Extends hip | Gluteus Maximus |
Abducts thigh; steadies pelvis during walking | Gluteus medius |
flex knee and extend hip | Hamstring muscles |
Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee | Gastrocnemius |
Plantar flexes foot | Soleus |
contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast twitch fibers |
contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. | Slow twitch fibers |
results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells. | Muscle fatigue |
is the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose | Oxygen Debt |
Whenever the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
Chewing | Mastication |
what muscles are involved in Mastication? | Temporalis and Masseter |
Changes shape of tongue | Intrinsic |
Moves the tongue | extrinsic |
Muscles that work together | Synergists |
Muscles that work opposite of each other | Antagonist |