Question | Answer |
What are rugae? | folds in the stomach |
What are the accessory organs of the GI system? | live, gallbladder ad pancreas |
What are the four divisions of the colon | ascending, transverse, descending and signmoid |
What are the functions of the liver? | - producing bile
- removing glucose, maintaining glucose levels
-storing vitamins
- destroying/transforming toxins |
What are the three main components of the large intestine? | cecum, colon, rectum |
What are the three main parts of the stomach? | body, fundus and pylorus |
What are the twp structures that form the roof of the mouth? | Hard and soft palates |
What is the medical term for the mouth? | oral cavity |
What is another name for the GI tract? | alimentary canal |
What are villi? | microscopic, fingerlike projections |
Where does peristalsis occur? | from the pharynxc to the anus |
Where is digestion completed? | small intestine |
What is a volvolus | intestinal twisting |
What are hemorrhoids? | enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal |
What causes hepatitis A? | contaminated food, water or milk |
What is diverticulosis? | condition in which small, blister like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine |
What is ulcerative colitis? | chronic inflammatory disease of the colon |
Where are ulcers commonly found? | stomach and duodenum |
Where do inguinal hernias develop? | groin where abdominal folds of flash meet thighs |
Which large intestine disorder is associated with a higher risk of colon cancer? | ulcerative colitis |
Ulcers | lesion of the skin which frequently develop in the duodenum or stomach |
Occult Blood | test which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding |
Ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
Hernia | abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue |
Deglutition | Act of swallowing |
Gallbladder | an organ below the liver which stores and empties bile |
Pancreas | an organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid digestion |
Regurgitation | backward flowing - return of solids or fluids to the mouth |
mastication | chewing |
fecalith | fecal concretion |
Cecum | First 2-3' of the large intestine |
Ascending Colon | 1st portion of colon, extending from the lower border of the liver |
cholelithiasis | formation of gallstones |
Flatus | Gas in the GI tract |
Ulcerative Colitis | inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon |
Diverticulitis | inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine |
Stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth of the stomach |
anorexia | lack or loss of appetite, inability to eat |
Rectum | last portion of the GI tract |
Ileum | lower division of the small intestine |
Sercum Bilirubin | measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood |
Halitosis | offensive, or "bad" breathe |
Proctologist | specialists in disease of the colon, rectum and anus |
Melena | passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices |
steatorrhea | passage of fat in large amounts in the feces |
CELIAC | Pertaining to the abdomen |
Buccal | pertaining to the cheek |
Lithotripsy | procedure for crushing a stone |
Eructation | producing gas from the stomach |
Peristalisis | progressive, wavelike movement |
Barium swallow | radiographic exam of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine |
Barium Enema | radiographic exam of the rectum and colon |
Cholecystogram | radiographic record of the gallbladder |
Borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises |
Cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver |
Jejunum | second division of the small intestine |
Transverse Colon | Second portion of the colon that passes horizontally towards spleen |
Obstipation | severe constipation |
Pyloric Stenosis | structure or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter |
Enterostomy | surgical formation of an opening from small intestine through abdominal wall |
ileostomy | surgical formation of an opening from the ileum to abdominal wall |
Anastomosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels or bowel segments |
Cheiloplasty | surgical repair of the lip |
Aeorphagia | swallowing air |
Liver | largest glandular organ |
Diarrhea | passage of unformed watery bowel movements |
Ingest | to eat |
Hematemsis | vomiting blood |
Malabsorption | nutrients digested but not taken in |
Leukopla | white patches that form on the tongue, lips or cheek |
Ba | barium |
BaE, BE | barium enema |
BM | bowel movement |
BMI | body mass index |
CF | cystic fibrosis |
CT | computed tomography |
EGD | esophagogastroduodenscopy |
MRCP | magnetic resonance cholongiopancreatography |
GB | gallbladder |
GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
GI | gastrointestinal |
HBV | hepatitis B virus |
IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
LFT | liver function test |
PE | physical exam |
PMH | past medical history |
PUD | pepticulcer diease |
R/O | rule out |
RGB | roux-en-Y gastric bypass |
STAT | immediately |