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Gastrointestinal
Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are rugae? | folds in the stomach |
| What are the accessory organs of the GI system? | live, gallbladder ad pancreas |
| What are the four divisions of the colon | ascending, transverse, descending and signmoid |
| What are the functions of the liver? | - producing bile - removing glucose, maintaining glucose levels -storing vitamins - destroying/transforming toxins |
| What are the three main components of the large intestine? | cecum, colon, rectum |
| What are the three main parts of the stomach? | body, fundus and pylorus |
| What are the twp structures that form the roof of the mouth? | Hard and soft palates |
| What is the medical term for the mouth? | oral cavity |
| What is another name for the GI tract? | alimentary canal |
| What are villi? | microscopic, fingerlike projections |
| Where does peristalsis occur? | from the pharynxc to the anus |
| Where is digestion completed? | small intestine |
| What is a volvolus | intestinal twisting |
| What are hemorrhoids? | enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal |
| What causes hepatitis A? | contaminated food, water or milk |
| What is diverticulosis? | condition in which small, blister like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine |
| What is ulcerative colitis? | chronic inflammatory disease of the colon |
| Where are ulcers commonly found? | stomach and duodenum |
| Where do inguinal hernias develop? | groin where abdominal folds of flash meet thighs |
| Which large intestine disorder is associated with a higher risk of colon cancer? | ulcerative colitis |
| Ulcers | lesion of the skin which frequently develop in the duodenum or stomach |
| Occult Blood | test which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding |
| Ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| Hernia | abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue |
| Deglutition | Act of swallowing |
| Gallbladder | an organ below the liver which stores and empties bile |
| Pancreas | an organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid digestion |
| Regurgitation | backward flowing - return of solids or fluids to the mouth |
| mastication | chewing |
| fecalith | fecal concretion |
| Cecum | First 2-3' of the large intestine |
| Ascending Colon | 1st portion of colon, extending from the lower border of the liver |
| cholelithiasis | formation of gallstones |
| Flatus | Gas in the GI tract |
| Ulcerative Colitis | inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine |
| Stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth of the stomach |
| anorexia | lack or loss of appetite, inability to eat |
| Rectum | last portion of the GI tract |
| Ileum | lower division of the small intestine |
| Sercum Bilirubin | measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood |
| Halitosis | offensive, or "bad" breathe |
| Proctologist | specialists in disease of the colon, rectum and anus |
| Melena | passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices |
| steatorrhea | passage of fat in large amounts in the feces |
| CELIAC | Pertaining to the abdomen |
| Buccal | pertaining to the cheek |
| Lithotripsy | procedure for crushing a stone |
| Eructation | producing gas from the stomach |
| Peristalisis | progressive, wavelike movement |
| Barium swallow | radiographic exam of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine |
| Barium Enema | radiographic exam of the rectum and colon |
| Cholecystogram | radiographic record of the gallbladder |
| Borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises |
| Cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver |
| Jejunum | second division of the small intestine |
| Transverse Colon | Second portion of the colon that passes horizontally towards spleen |
| Obstipation | severe constipation |
| Pyloric Stenosis | structure or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter |
| Enterostomy | surgical formation of an opening from small intestine through abdominal wall |
| ileostomy | surgical formation of an opening from the ileum to abdominal wall |
| Anastomosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels or bowel segments |
| Cheiloplasty | surgical repair of the lip |
| Aeorphagia | swallowing air |
| Liver | largest glandular organ |
| Diarrhea | passage of unformed watery bowel movements |
| Ingest | to eat |
| Hematemsis | vomiting blood |
| Malabsorption | nutrients digested but not taken in |
| Leukopla | white patches that form on the tongue, lips or cheek |
| Ba | barium |
| BaE, BE | barium enema |
| BM | bowel movement |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| CT | computed tomography |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenscopy |
| MRCP | magnetic resonance cholongiopancreatography |
| GB | gallbladder |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| LFT | liver function test |
| PE | physical exam |
| PMH | past medical history |
| PUD | pepticulcer diease |
| R/O | rule out |
| RGB | roux-en-Y gastric bypass |
| STAT | immediately |
Created by:
amcarron13
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