Question | Answer |
the CNS consists of: | brain & spinal cord |
what are the 4 principal parts of the brain? | cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem & diencephalon |
what system integrates sensory information? | CNS |
the CNS coordinates: | conscious & unconscious activity |
what part of the brain coordinates voluntary movement such as balance, coordination, speech & posture? | cerebellum |
the ___ receives information from sensory systems | cerebellum |
what part of the brain regulates motor movement? | cerebellum |
the cerebellum is located in what ventricle? | 4th |
the brain stem consists of: | midbrain, medulla & pons |
the brainstem regulates: | cardiac and respiratory function, consciousness & sleep cycle |
the medulla oblongata joins the spinal cord at ___ | foreamen magnum |
the midbrain surrounds the __ | cerebral aqueduct |
the corpora quadrigemina consists of: | superior colliculi and inferior colliculi |
superior colliculi | visual reflex centers |
inferior colliculi | auditory relay centers |
the medulla oblongata controls: | heart rate, blood pressure & respiratory rhythm |
vomitting, coughing, sneezing and hiccups are regulated by the: | medulla oblongata |
the diencephalon includes what 3 structures? | thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus |
the diencephalon is located in the __ ventricle | 3rd |
thalamus | acts as a router & sends sensory info to cerebral cortex |
key role in mediating sensation, motor activities and learning & memory | thalamus |
hypothalamus functions in: | regulates body temperature, food intake, water & thirst |
suprachiasaitic nucleus | biological clock for sleep cycle |
the space between the pia mater and arachnoid is called the: | subarachoid |
epithalamus includes the: | pineal gland - which secretes melatonin |
what is the largest region of the brain and performs the highest functions? | cerebellum |
the cerebrum is made up of | white matter & cerebral cortex |
awareness, understanding and memory storage take places here | cerebrum |
the blood brain barrier allows: | water, respiratory gases, nutrients & fat molecules to enter neural tissue |
the blood brain barrier is composed of: | capillaries and astrocytes |
__ blocks water-soluble and other harmful substances | blood brain barrier |
brain preference for energy? | glucose |
the ___ plays a major role in thinking,language and emotion | cerebellum |
white matter is a ___ sheath | myelinated |
memory is the ___ and ___ of information | storage & retrieval |
the ability to learn & consciously remember information is what type of memory? | declarative memory |
procedural memory | learning of motor skills performed w/o conscious thought |
broca's area | produce and processlanguage |
the ability to understand speech but not produce words | broca's euphasia |
all neurons are in cortex are called: | interneurons |
the cerebral cortex contains 3 types of function areas. what are they? | sensory areas, motor areas, and association areas |
sensory areas are concerned with: | conscious awareness of sensation in cortex |
the sensory areas are located in what lobes? | parietal, insula, temporal and occipital |
motor areas controls: | voluntary movement |
the motor areas include: | primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, broca's area and frontal eye field |
primary motor cortex | conscious control of voluntary movement |
premotor cortex controls: | learned motor skills |
frontal eye field controls: | voluntary eye movement |
the ___ area stores information as memory | association |
what area exchanges and integrates information? | association |
this type of area helps you tie the old information with the new information. | association |
what is the cerebrum white matter responsible for? | communication btw the hemispheres |
what are the 3 regions of the cerebrum? | cerebral cortex, white matter and basal nuclei |
the basal nuclei is composed of __ matter | gray |
the basal nuclei functions in : | motor control, regulating attention and cognition |
what is cerebrospinal fluid? | watery cushion fluid that protects & nourishes brain -also carries chemical signals |
the cerebrospinal fluid travels through what structure? | cerebral aqueduct |
what 4 things protect the brain? | skull, meninges, CSF and blood brain barrier |
the meninges, contains cerebrospinal fluid which ___ | cover and protects the CNS |
what are the 3 layers of the meninges? | dura mater, pia mater and arachnoid mater |
epilespsy | seizure disorders |
cerebrospinal fluid flow disorder causing too much fluid in ventricles is called: | hydrocephalus |
concussion | temporary damage to brain |
contusion | permanent damage to brain |
subarachroid hemorrhage | bleeding under brain |
cerebral edema | swelling under brain |
most outer layer meninge | dura mater |
middle layer meninge | pia mater |
the spiderlike layer memninge | arachnoid mater |
the left hemisphere: | controls language, math & logic |
the right hemisphere: | intuition, creative side |
responsible for communication btw hemispheres and cerebral cortex. | white matter |
the spinal cord contains: | bone, meninges and CSF |
the spinal cord begins at the | foreamen magnum |
the spinal cord provides: | 2-way communication to and from the brain |
the dorsal horns: | receives the information |
the frontal lobe and parietal lobe are separated by the ___ | central sulcus |
the 2 hemispheres are separated by which fissure? | longitudinal fissure |
what is a tract? | a bundle of nerve fibers |
the vestibulospinal tracts maintain: | posture |
the spinothalamic tract involves: | pain, temperature, touch & pressure |
brains are neuroplastic meaning we can: | train our brains |
pyramidal cell bodies are found where? | the cerebral cortex |
the visual association area helps us put things together. where is it located? | surrounds primary visual cortex |
primary visual cortex | visual info from retinas - found in occipital lobe |
what does the primary auditory association area do and where is it located? | interprets info from ear to ear - temporal lobe |
the auditory association area: | discerns & interprets sounds |
the occipital lobe processes: | visual cues |
the parietal lobe is in control of: | sensation, pain, touch & pressure |
the brain stem connects the: | cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord |
the brain stem connects __ of the cranial nerves | 10 |
there are no postganglionic neurons in the ___ | adrenal medulla |
the thalamus does not include smell and __ | propriceptors |
the cerebrospinal fluid circulates around: | subarachnoid mater & ventricles |
the sensory information goes to the __ side, then the dorsal root | posterior |
motor information goes to the __ then the dorsal root | anterior |
the adrenal medulla consists of: | epinephrine & norephirine |
ANS motor is located in the __ horn | lateral |
somatic nervous system motor is located in the __ horn | anterior |
sensation | awareness |
perception | processing that awareness |
groups of cell bodies in the CNS are called: | nuclei |
the cerebrum acts as the: | integration center/ sensory perception |
the brainstem provides innervation to the head & neck by our: | cranial nerves |
frontal lobe is responsible for: | planning , motivation, emotion, social judgemente |
temporal lobe is responsible for: | hearing, memory, language |
which lobe is for vision? | occipital lobe |
Broca's area is found in which lobe and what side of the brain? | frontal - left |
the basal nucleu help control: | movements |
the brain is protected by: | meninges, bone, cerebrospinal fluid & blood-brain barrier |
the brainstem functions in: | controlling behaviors necessary for survival |
the __ makes up 80% of the brain | cerebral cortex |