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Chapter 12
The Central Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the CNS consists of: | brain & spinal cord |
| what are the 4 principal parts of the brain? | cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem & diencephalon |
| what system integrates sensory information? | CNS |
| the CNS coordinates: | conscious & unconscious activity |
| what part of the brain coordinates voluntary movement such as balance, coordination, speech & posture? | cerebellum |
| the ___ receives information from sensory systems | cerebellum |
| what part of the brain regulates motor movement? | cerebellum |
| the cerebellum is located in what ventricle? | 4th |
| the brain stem consists of: | midbrain, medulla & pons |
| the brainstem regulates: | cardiac and respiratory function, consciousness & sleep cycle |
| the medulla oblongata joins the spinal cord at ___ | foreamen magnum |
| the midbrain surrounds the __ | cerebral aqueduct |
| the corpora quadrigemina consists of: | superior colliculi and inferior colliculi |
| superior colliculi | visual reflex centers |
| inferior colliculi | auditory relay centers |
| the medulla oblongata controls: | heart rate, blood pressure & respiratory rhythm |
| vomitting, coughing, sneezing and hiccups are regulated by the: | medulla oblongata |
| the diencephalon includes what 3 structures? | thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus |
| the diencephalon is located in the __ ventricle | 3rd |
| thalamus | acts as a router & sends sensory info to cerebral cortex |
| key role in mediating sensation, motor activities and learning & memory | thalamus |
| hypothalamus functions in: | regulates body temperature, food intake, water & thirst |
| suprachiasaitic nucleus | biological clock for sleep cycle |
| the space between the pia mater and arachnoid is called the: | subarachoid |
| epithalamus includes the: | pineal gland - which secretes melatonin |
| what is the largest region of the brain and performs the highest functions? | cerebellum |
| the cerebrum is made up of | white matter & cerebral cortex |
| awareness, understanding and memory storage take places here | cerebrum |
| the blood brain barrier allows: | water, respiratory gases, nutrients & fat molecules to enter neural tissue |
| the blood brain barrier is composed of: | capillaries and astrocytes |
| __ blocks water-soluble and other harmful substances | blood brain barrier |
| brain preference for energy? | glucose |
| the ___ plays a major role in thinking,language and emotion | cerebellum |
| white matter is a ___ sheath | myelinated |
| memory is the ___ and ___ of information | storage & retrieval |
| the ability to learn & consciously remember information is what type of memory? | declarative memory |
| procedural memory | learning of motor skills performed w/o conscious thought |
| broca's area | produce and processlanguage |
| the ability to understand speech but not produce words | broca's euphasia |
| all neurons are in cortex are called: | interneurons |
| the cerebral cortex contains 3 types of function areas. what are they? | sensory areas, motor areas, and association areas |
| sensory areas are concerned with: | conscious awareness of sensation in cortex |
| the sensory areas are located in what lobes? | parietal, insula, temporal and occipital |
| motor areas controls: | voluntary movement |
| the motor areas include: | primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, broca's area and frontal eye field |
| primary motor cortex | conscious control of voluntary movement |
| premotor cortex controls: | learned motor skills |
| frontal eye field controls: | voluntary eye movement |
| the ___ area stores information as memory | association |
| what area exchanges and integrates information? | association |
| this type of area helps you tie the old information with the new information. | association |
| what is the cerebrum white matter responsible for? | communication btw the hemispheres |
| what are the 3 regions of the cerebrum? | cerebral cortex, white matter and basal nuclei |
| the basal nuclei is composed of __ matter | gray |
| the basal nuclei functions in : | motor control, regulating attention and cognition |
| what is cerebrospinal fluid? | watery cushion fluid that protects & nourishes brain -also carries chemical signals |
| the cerebrospinal fluid travels through what structure? | cerebral aqueduct |
| what 4 things protect the brain? | skull, meninges, CSF and blood brain barrier |
| the meninges, contains cerebrospinal fluid which ___ | cover and protects the CNS |
| what are the 3 layers of the meninges? | dura mater, pia mater and arachnoid mater |
| epilespsy | seizure disorders |
| cerebrospinal fluid flow disorder causing too much fluid in ventricles is called: | hydrocephalus |
| concussion | temporary damage to brain |
| contusion | permanent damage to brain |
| subarachroid hemorrhage | bleeding under brain |
| cerebral edema | swelling under brain |
| most outer layer meninge | dura mater |
| middle layer meninge | pia mater |
| the spiderlike layer memninge | arachnoid mater |
| the left hemisphere: | controls language, math & logic |
| the right hemisphere: | intuition, creative side |
| responsible for communication btw hemispheres and cerebral cortex. | white matter |
| the spinal cord contains: | bone, meninges and CSF |
| the spinal cord begins at the | foreamen magnum |
| the spinal cord provides: | 2-way communication to and from the brain |
| the dorsal horns: | receives the information |
| the frontal lobe and parietal lobe are separated by the ___ | central sulcus |
| the 2 hemispheres are separated by which fissure? | longitudinal fissure |
| what is a tract? | a bundle of nerve fibers |
| the vestibulospinal tracts maintain: | posture |
| the spinothalamic tract involves: | pain, temperature, touch & pressure |
| brains are neuroplastic meaning we can: | train our brains |
| pyramidal cell bodies are found where? | the cerebral cortex |
| the visual association area helps us put things together. where is it located? | surrounds primary visual cortex |
| primary visual cortex | visual info from retinas - found in occipital lobe |
| what does the primary auditory association area do and where is it located? | interprets info from ear to ear - temporal lobe |
| the auditory association area: | discerns & interprets sounds |
| the occipital lobe processes: | visual cues |
| the parietal lobe is in control of: | sensation, pain, touch & pressure |
| the brain stem connects the: | cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord |
| the brain stem connects __ of the cranial nerves | 10 |
| there are no postganglionic neurons in the ___ | adrenal medulla |
| the thalamus does not include smell and __ | propriceptors |
| the cerebrospinal fluid circulates around: | subarachnoid mater & ventricles |
| the sensory information goes to the __ side, then the dorsal root | posterior |
| motor information goes to the __ then the dorsal root | anterior |
| the adrenal medulla consists of: | epinephrine & norephirine |
| ANS motor is located in the __ horn | lateral |
| somatic nervous system motor is located in the __ horn | anterior |
| sensation | awareness |
| perception | processing that awareness |
| groups of cell bodies in the CNS are called: | nuclei |
| the cerebrum acts as the: | integration center/ sensory perception |
| the brainstem provides innervation to the head & neck by our: | cranial nerves |
| frontal lobe is responsible for: | planning , motivation, emotion, social judgemente |
| temporal lobe is responsible for: | hearing, memory, language |
| which lobe is for vision? | occipital lobe |
| Broca's area is found in which lobe and what side of the brain? | frontal - left |
| the basal nucleu help control: | movements |
| the brain is protected by: | meninges, bone, cerebrospinal fluid & blood-brain barrier |
| the brainstem functions in: | controlling behaviors necessary for survival |
| the __ makes up 80% of the brain | cerebral cortex |
Created by:
Mariahj25
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