Term | Definition |
Frontalis | Raises the eyebrows when glancing upward |
Brachialis | The prime mover when flexing the forearm |
Rectus abdominis | Flexes the lumbar region of the spinal cord to cause bending over at the waist |
Deltoid | Abducts flexes and rotates the arm |
Triceps brachii | The prime mover when extending the forearm |
Sternocleidomastoid | Flexes the head |
Latissimus dorsi | Adducts the humerus and extends the upper arm backward, such as when climbing or swimming |
Gastrocnemius | One of the bulging muscles in the calf |
Iliopsoas | Flexes the thigh |
Trapezius | Raises and lowers the shoulders |
Pectoralis major | Flexes and adducts the upper arm, such as when climbing or hugging |
Sartorius | The longest muscle in the body;aids in flexion of the hip and knee |
Quadriceps femoris | most powerful muscle in the body |
External intercostals | Elevate the ribs during inspiration |
What is the function of flat bones? | Thin, flat, and often curved bones. Send, flat, and often curved bones. They protect organs and some provide a large surface area for the attachment of muscles |
Epiphysis | the head of each long bone |
Articular cartilage | Covering the surface of the epiphysis and cartilage |
Diaphysis | The central shaft like portion of the bone |
Periosteum | A dense fibrous membrane covering the shaft |
Medullary cavity | The cerebral hollow portion |
What kind of tissue is bone made of | bone tissue or Matrix consists of collagen fibers and crystalline salts |
Describe the compressional strength | calcium salts allowed bones to resist strong squeezing forces |
Discuss the action of the yellow bone marrow | Saturated with fat and replaces red marrow over time |
What is the skeleton in a developing fetus made of | Cartilage and fibrous connective tissue |
Discuss the fontanels | Soft spot |
Discuss the endochondral ossification | Cartilage turns to bone in long bones |
List the nutrients necessary for proper bone growth | Calcium phosphorus vitamins a c and d |
Define greenstick fracture and what age group does this common occur in | Splits the bone like a green stick and it happens to kids |
Define commuted fracture and what is the common cause for this type of fracture | smashing of several bones and happens in car accidents |
How long does it take for uncomplicated fractures to heal | 8 to 12 weeks |
how many bones do most adults have | 206 |
axial skeleton consists of the following bones | Skull, spine or vertebral column, and thorax, or ribs |
Describe the sinuses and how do sinuses produce sound production | 4 pairs of sinuses filled with air open into the internal nose; they lighten the skull and act as resonators for a sound production |
List the five sections of the vertebral column | Circle, thoracic, Lombard, sacral, coccyx |
Scoliosis | Lateral curvature of the spine |
Kyphosis | Hunchback |
Lordosis | swayback a lumbar curvature |
Vertebral foramen | An opening that allows passage of spinal cord |
Body | The weight-bearing portion |
Spinous process | Projects posteriorly from the vertebra |
Transverse processes | Extend from each side of the vertebrae also serves as attachment points for muscles and ligaments |
The design of the intervertebral disc to support | Weight and absorb shock |
What are true ribs | Ribs 1 through 7 and attach to the sternum |
Scapula | Shoulder blade |
Acromion process | an extension of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle |
Radius | One of the two bones of the lower arm thumb side |
Proximal head | a distinctive disc that rotates on the humerus when the Palm is turned forward and back |
Humerus | Long bone of the upper arm |
Radial tuberosity | Where the biceps muscle attaches to the Bone |
How many bones are in the wrist | 8 |
Which bone is longest and strongest bone in the body | Femur |
Describe the patella | Kneecap a triangular sesamoid bone embedded in the tendon of the knee |
Pivot joint | Formed by the first and second cervical vertebra allows bones to rotate |
Hinge joint | Allows only back-and-forth movements for example the elbow |
Gliding joint | Two relatively flat bone surfaces slide over each other for example tarsal bones of the ankle |
Ball and socket joint | Ball shaped head of one bone fits into a cup light socket of another bone offers widest range of motion of all joints for example shoulder and hips |
Saddle joint | The services of both bones are shaped like the surface of a saddle when perched on top of each other they move back and forth and from side to side found only in thumbs |
Condyloid joint | Oval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression on another for example distal end of radius with the carpal bones of the wrist |
Cardiac muscle | Involuntarily it appears striped and it's only in the heart |
Smooth muscle | involuntary non striated found in digestive tract, blood vessels, bladder, Airways and uterus |
Skeletal | Voluntary, striated, and attached to the Bone for movement |
Muscle fiber | Skeletal muscle cell |
Epimysium | Layer of connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole and binds all the muscle fibers together |
Muscle tone | A continuous state of partial muscle contraction in which muscles are at their optimal resting |
Threshold | A minimum voltage needed to cause muscle fiber contraction |
What affects the force of contraction | Affected by the size of the muscle, the degree of stretch, and the number of muscle fibers Contracting |
Discuss the process of how the body needs the oxygen needs during exercise | Aerobic respiration of fatty acids to creatine phosphates to anaerobic respiration of glucose to aerobic respiration of glucose |
Prime Movers | The main muscle triggering the movement |
Synergists | The muscles that assist |
Antagonist | The muscles balancing these movements |
What are the muscles involved in breathing | External intercostals, internal intercostals, and diaphragm |
Biceps brachii | Assist the brachialis when flexing the forearm |
Brachioradialis | |
| Helps the brachialis and biceps brachii Flex the forearm |
Vastus lateralis and vastus medialis | Part of the femur muscle group it's the prime mover for knee extension |
Gluteus maximus | The book East muscle of the body. It produces the back swing of the leg when walking and provides most of the power for climbing stairs |